| y i > GH WOH, v Yl | y v / é ‘ ! We vs / ‘ eae 7, 7/ L/ 1 YS , ad he \Y eu Rk ee us VOWS x YS WA SY YS WA ) \ “ \ Se, . YU AN U \ iyi WN Va SW ‘ QO SS, NNO RR ONS SS \ “\) \ wy N NR : a VQ WA . ik . ‘ x aM ‘ne ¥ EY ryeVy a. Ne SN diy? Bh ae \w \ \ ‘ \ Va NUNS VY wy / \ No] A an eae at i? ae WAN, peek a ae THE CANADIAN me POMOLOGIST. PERC Taek Vs EDITED BY THE Reo. C. I. S. Hethune, Mi. A., B.C. L., PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. ALYSSISTEHD Bx J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal, and ' Rev. T. W. Fyles, Quebec. Wondon, Ont.: LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING CO, . < 1893. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME. AARON: DR BaiMibeeemeste ee 288 oe ae NEw YORK, AT DIR LCA eg Oia amy erere rans ons e\ece e122 ci BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA, ACS TED MURAD Sais leleeeentnett cet se ice atela cots Gps WASHINGTON, D. C. BANGIN AGRETAINGIE cr .e.. oe ieee: OEAVCLIER, IN. ¥. LONI, ILS 1B is =o oA OCT eee Rca eae LAGGAN, ALBERTA. BETHUNE, REV. C. J. S. (The Editor).... PorT Hope. TRL Y NST CTS TIE TON co ASS a TERRE HAure, INDIANA, CTOYCUST BRIE] O6s Bas © J. eee Las Cruces, New Mexico, (CLOT ETO C1 B10 a OB Ee Ree eae Los ANGELES, CAL. IDE AVa HAV ities f tes Side dckaiine oss ae sie ie OTADENASLAND:; IN. Y. TOMATO BEAU RIS OIN Get ceeiis 2 ci taly nelatc NEw YORK. . IDINVOAVIRID SeraVN etd a so cnes ore oie enavlssicvs seas COALBURGH, WEST Va, BUTEURUIVIPAUN NGSGres Nts. Stsst. Los Sle waves be end euedel e PITTSBURGH, Pa. IEE NNER S LW Misa isjats nietar ra darsysuabela vate apavalh ole," COLESBORNE, ENGLAND. TET Lp) ge 228 ars 7 ae ae hc a ITHAca, Ne: TE TE, RUN ANT] DAH Bal sf ©) Laat Gell & Lenore eae are iene AMHERST, MAss. TSS] CV OC] DA's gal DC AeA a a oie ....GUILDFORD, CONN. IMLIBTRCISUDI RS | AMOS Rah oncee econ ab anee OTTAWA. TP COUP] DSRNA Ae Se es ft Bae ee .......9T. LEONARDS, ENGLAND. IEONE MW Vices fe esse eas aratal eBVen catatess, ane laren) eveneto PHILADELPHIA. IRIN GHTc ge ROURS, Gar Elan cars sera 5 evans seve CARBONDALE, ILL. MEIGS eR TIN calc Vier Satanic. arora te erosion oc SouTH QUEBEC, AGREE Se eA PIEIAUN oye ot Stoner seat ges etnaieeet eveters MONTREAL, ; RUGS Tes eee Ey Pee Se Ae te Allg ele Fort CoLuins, COLORADO, CO TONUN Gs IR SN PWV: 0. areas ro. a hate uelee arate RUTLAND, ILL. OTR OIUE WAS Ge Ronnies eey sath eters saben Jere on erete BREMEN, GERMANY, Poe NG TPR OREN 5 ccs, 2, rea ALLEGHENY, PA, TPAC ECON Gros Ng VN Gaid diese So feyesa aus tale eviews OTTAWA. [BDAU Ra 0 Gils LAO c6) 1) OAS ie nacre load in Pari A CHAMPAIGN, ILL. TAO IG EAU OAREES Vi WVin Jlotefere cl ota ta eyed ales PITTSBURGH, PA. FTG VG AUER TD oats QO) macht cue pihe as stersacverapel aia ve waseeteve WASHINGTON, D.C. EHUD OINS Ge APE Sew ae anh ana re aie stoyeets PLATTSBURGH, N. Y. ANGI ict Greene Baer incor ec ae ae eA ReaD ia JAMAICA PLAIN, MAss. " RSE NIN PANG as Greet Ste ct detiaicpren 2 Aen che ee 4 LINCOLN, NEB. ROTORS ASIN TNA ET Y CA coy cpricratohs a rarade felt one etaete AMHERST, MAss., TUJINYAL DS LOD) Re RSS Ree ek oe ie See NEw YORK. TABYIMIUES BRR GD ae fpeh IS otek ani aco fohntagen ss wa "acctey eke ero) axe' Yo SEMITE, CAL. TEAVANTAING ASM SNS cess iges octet ee he oc MONTREAL. IVES GIT VARACW WAG Die cane 2c Sease oho se IrHaca, N. Y. IMO INR fe eM ESI ONS a aimeine iere crac axe LONDON, ONT. INFUNOR GiNicbse. tas yee eases in NEw York. RAG KARI PR age Se steele iticlecisucweluse PROVIDENCE, R. I. AMER O Nt We ELA MOP DON: ceive. setae. « HARTFORD, CONN. IRUIWABIES lle heats BEI Laerehsho st anchor a Riga a oie BERKELEY, CAL. SS RSTININUB, Ree IDURY Eis caer pesos ariees eke ss taialle ete oo PHILADELPHIA. SIGENG PRs AUN) eM Were stle sc asta. ates IrHAcA, N. Y. SHOSSON GRIM Sires saleteiecine teerdtevn aac cis ere NEW YORK. SUM ELH et Oe eietcinvecntramtetelwalsjan @ '.... NEW BRUNSWICK, N, J. SSG UE Eyes (GRGES, Eee MEIER a ET's, wth he aha cas ho ee, afer ee PR READING, Pa. TONVINGSE ND, Coble BRe a basc oes KINGSTON, JAMAICA, W, I. WAU TB OA DH OP a1 Os 2 sae prey a et BuFFALO, N Y. WU UNT NGYATTIS YESS) Gh] EP ANE S ea eerie nee Ug a KEoTA, Iowa, VARNES Sole Balen gio civ y ty. Sey cos a tiara a): ola aachar eye's WOOSTER, OHIO. WISTS IOAN ore Ea pitti Ways syn ste tracy Scioscia we Iowa City, Iowa. VATE Sa OUN, colle OIA S VS ah VW bea, cco es cits LAWRENCE, KANSAS, NOMA CIO HET. (JRE 6 lle ants en RNA anne ef seal GRAND Rapips, MICH. The aatliany Vontomologist MOL, XX Vi LONDON, JANUARY, 1893. No. 1. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW WEST AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. BY |W. 7 js HOLLAND, PA. Dj PILTSBURGH, PA. EuURYPHENE, Bolsp. 1. £. castanea, sp. nov. 6. The form of the wings is exactly like that of Senegalensis, H-S. UppersipE.—The ground colour is rich chestnut-brown, marked by broad black series of spots and bands. Upon the primaries these markings are as follows :—In the cell a longitudinal basal streak, a trans- verse line, a figure 8, a twice curved transverse line, and a broad bar at the end of the cell constricted in the middle ; below the cell there is a short basal band curving inwardly ; beyond the cell there is a wide band running from the costa toward the outer margin as far as the lower radial, and then abruptly turning and extending to the middle of the inner margin ; beyond this is a broad band of diffuse spots, wide on the costa, narrower bevond the end of the cell, and gradually widening as it approaches the inner margin ; beyond this is a submarginal series of very black round spots. ‘The outer margin is black. All of these lines are continued upon the secondaries parallel to the outer margin, and in addition there isa narrow, submarginal black line. In the cell of the secondaries there is a round spot at the base, a figure 8, anda constricted annular mark at the end. UnpersipE.—The prevalent colour on the underside of the wings is pale fuscous, shading into ashen grey upon the cells of both wings. The markings of the upper surface scarcely reappear upon the lower side, except the submarginal band of round spots, which reappear upon the primaries as faint blackish marks, and upon the secondaries as ocelli with pale ashen margins. In both wings there are in the cella black basal dot, a figure 8, and a narrow constricted annular mark at the end. In addition, upon the primaries the costa near the base is white, and there are a couple of small white marks at the apex; upon the secondaries there is a narrow white bar extending from near the middle of the costa to the first subcostal nervule. Expanse 58 mm. Habitat Kangwe, Ogove Valley. 2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2. E. suffumigata, sp. nov. . Q. The form of the wings is like that of Z. edcensis, Hew. UPpEr- SIDE.—Both wings are dark smoky-brown, shading into black at the apex of the primaries and clouded on the costa and cell of the primaries, with obscure black markings. There is a broad yellowish subapical band on the primaries, running from the costa and terminating before the outer. margin ‘above the third median nervule. Upon the secondaries there is a continuous slightly undulating dark brown submarginal line.. UNDER- SIDE.—The ground colour is light green, or glaucous. The costa of the primaries at the base, the apex, the costal portion of the subapical band of the primaries which reappears upon the lower side, and a narrow bar running from before the middle of the secondaries from the costal to the first subcostal, are all white. The outer half of the wings is suffused with a fuliginous shade defined inwardly by a curved line running from the outer margin of the primaries below the apex to the origin of the third median, and thence to the middle of the inner margin, across the secon- daries beyond the end of the cell, sweeping inwardly from the origin of the third median to a point above the anal angle on the inner margin. Faint traces of a submarginal band of,ocelli appear upon the secondaries. Body and legs concolorous. Expanse 75 mm. Habitat Talaguga, Ogové Valley. This noble and well-marked species is represented in my collection by a single specimen taken in the spring of the present year. It is likely to be confounded with Z. Phantasia, Hew., from which it may, however, be at once distinguished by the absence of the broad blue submarginal band running from above the first median nervule on the primaries to the anal angle of the secondaries in the female. ATERICA, Bolsp. 3. A. fuliginosa, sp. nov. @. Antenne black. Body above dark brown. Underside of palpi, thorax and abdomen light grey. Upprersipe.—The ground colour of the upper side of the wings is smoky-brown, shading into dark brown near the apex of the primaries. There is a series of four minute white spots extending from the costa before the apex to the third median nervule.. A broad oblique subapical yellow band runs from the first subcostal nervule beyond the cell toward the outer margin, terminating upon the first median nervule. The inner margin of this band is moderately straight ; the outer margin is irregular, being indented upon the lower radial and the second O3 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. median nervules. The usual markings appear obscurely in the cell. The posterior wings are ornamented by a submarginal band of obscure ocelli running parallel to the outer margin. ‘These spots are lighter than the rest of the wing and ringed about with dark brown, and have in the centre dark brown subhastate pupils. UNDERSIDE.—The underside is obscurely brownish-grey. The markings of the upperside reappear, and on the underside of the secondaries the submarginal band of ocelli is indicated by a series of minute white spots located on the inner edge of each ocellus. There are seven of these minute white spots on each secondary. The base of the secondaries has a few obscure markings characteristic of the genus, the most prominent of which is an annular mark in the middle of the cell. Expanse of wings 68 mm. Habitat Kangwé, Ogové Valley. I hesitated to describe this species from the solitary @ specimen, but it is wholly unlike the female of any species known to me, and does not exist in any of the English collections which I have consulted, and was pronounced by Mons. Mabille, to whom I showed it, as undoubtedly a new species. It comes nearest to A. aridatha, of Hewitson, but it is totally distinct, being much larger and quite differently coloured, and the subapical band of the primaries having an altogether different form. EUPHAEDRA, HUuUBN. > 4. FE. imitans, sp. nov. 3d. Very closely allied to 2. Husemoides recently described by Smith & Kirby, but readily distinguished from that species by the fact that the yellow spots on the middle of the primaries are not widely separated as in Eusemoides, and that the base of the primaries is adorned by a num- ber of 4/ue spots, and that along the inner margin of the primaries there is a dong yellow streak. The secondaries have a yellow spot on the base and three black spots in the cel/, and the broad black border is interrupted by a marginal series of obscure geminate blue spots. ‘The underside has a spot at the base of the secondaries pupilled with yellow, in addition to the spots which appear upon the underside of £. Eusemoides. ?. The female is like the male, but much larger, and the marginal blue spots upon the upperside of the secondaries are brighter and larger. Expanse ¢,58mm.; 9,85 mm. Habitat Talaguga, Upper Valley of Ogové. Represented in the collection of the author by two males and one female. It is a very close mimic of Xanthospilopteryx longipennis, and even more so of a species of this genus in the collection of the writer which has not yet been named. Pittsburgh, Nov. 30, 1892. 4 THE CANADIAN ‘ENTOMOLOGIST. ee SOME NEW ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS CLISIOCAMPA, CURT. BY B. NEUMOEGEN. NEW YORK. C. Mus, nov. spec. gf. Head, palpi and thorax whitish gray. Antennae brown, with whitish stems. Abdomen gray, intermixed with black hair. Primaries dark gray, with veins indicated more or less by white. A broad blackish transverse band between two whitish: lines, which are slightly toothed at intersections of veins. Basal space whitish, with black tings along costa. Fringes gray, with brown accentuations at terminus of subcostal and median veins. Secondaries dark chestnut-brown, fading into whitish tinges along anal margin and in basalspace. A faint, whitish mesian line. Fringes gray and brown alternating. Below. Primaries dark brown, dusted with gray in submarginal space and along costa. The outer transverse line well marked. Secondaries whitish gray. The mesian line well curved and prominent. Legs brown- ish-gray. In some specimens there is a shading from gray into light brown, and the white veins are less prominent on upper surface of primaries. @. Antennae, head and thorax whitish gray. In some specimens exceptionally blackish-brown. Abdomen whitish gray. Primaries dark gray. <A broad, blackish transverse band enclosed in white transverse lines, slightly toothed at veins. The latter appear as white horizontal lines, in crossing this band. Basal space whitish. Fringes as in ~@. Secondaries of chestnut colour, fading in basal space, with black dashes, especially along costa. Fringes alternately brown and gray. Below. Primaries and secondaries light chestnut-brown, slightly dusted with gray granules. Basal spaces of whitish tinge. The outer transverse line of primaries indicated in dark brown. Legs and abdomen yellowish-gray, dusted with black. Types, f 6 and ¢ ¢. Coll. B. Neumoegen. Expanse of wings: ¢ 24-25.mm.; @ 36-37. mm. Length of body: ¢ 8.mm.; ? 1o. mm. Habitat: Southwest Utah (about 30 specimens) and Arizona, (Pres- cott, one specimen.) Easily recognizable by its gray primaries with dark band, traversed by white veins. C. Mus. var. discolorata. ¢. Antennae, head and collar dark brown. ‘Thorax and abdomen brownish-gray. Wings light brown. The two transverse lines of pri- maries dark brown, with an outer tinge of yellowish. Below. Primaries light brown, The outer transverse line wal marked THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 in darker brown. Secondaries of a somewhat lighter tinge, with yellowish dust. Brown mesian line. Legs and abdomen dark brown. Type, 1 gf from S. W. Utah. Coll. B. Neumoegen. Raised out of a lot of about 50 typical C. A/us by Mr. Chr. I. Weidt. It seems to be rare. @. Antennae dark brown. Thorax and abdomen brownish-gray. Wings chestnut, with somewhat lighter dusting along anterior margin, and in basal space. Well marked dark brown lines encircling transverse band of primaries. Secondaries with lighter basal shades. Below. Wings light chestnut, with grayish granules along anterior margins and basal spaces. Outer transverse line of primaries, and mesian line of secondaries slightly indicated. Types coll. B. Neumoegen. Several specimens raised by Mr. Weidt in S. W. Utah, and one speci- men from Prescott, Arizona, tallying with the foregoing, but being of somewhat lighter colour in its wings. C. Azteca, nov. sp. g. Antennae brown. Head and thorax grayish-brown. Wings and body of a peculiar blackish-brown tint. Primaries: apex sharply pointed. A transverse band of still darker shade, the two border lines of the same especially dark, the outer line relieved by a yellow streak. Running parallel with the latter, from costa to inner margin, a subterminal undu- lating irregularly shaped band, giving the wing the appearance of having three transverse lines. The inner line, encircling basal space, well curved towards base ; the anterior line somewhat outwardly curved in its course through median space. Secondaries uniform in colour. Fringes of both wings alternating with yellow. Below. Legs and body grayish-brown. Wings of a lighter brown shade, powdered with yellowish grains along anterior margin of primaries and over the entire surface of secondaries. Primaries show the outer transverse line, and secondaries a well curved mesian line. Basal spaces the darkest in both wings. ?. Blackish-brown, lighter in shade than ¢. Body concolorous. Antennae, head and thorax grayish-brown. Primaries with broad trans- verse band, the inner line well curved towards base and of grayish colour. The outer line grayish, somewhat bulging at centre and slightly dentated at veins. Secondaries uniform in colour, showing a faint trace of a mesian line. Fringes in both wings alternating with faint yellow. Below. Wings uniform in colour, but of lighter tint than primaries, which show faintly the outer line of transverse band. Secondaries with a somewhat darker undulating mesian line. Types: 2g g and 29 9. Coll. B. Neumoegen. Expanse of wings: ¢ 31.mm.; ? 36.mm. Length of body: ¢ 6.mm.; @ ro. mm. Habitat : City of Mexico and vicinity. Caught by Mr. Moonz. This is the darkest coloured American Clisiocampa and easily recognizable, 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TOLYPE. BY B. NEUMOEGEN, NEW YORK. P. tolteca, nov. sp. ; ¢. Antennae light brown. Eyes black. Head, prothorax and thorax snowy white. Tegulae snowy white, with black hairy centre band, con- necting it with the black haired abdomen, just like in 7? ved/eda, Stoll. Abdomen metallic black, clothed with long hair and long drawn out anal tuft. The latter intermixed with white hair. Primaries dark slate, especi- ally in the interspace formed by a marginal and a double central transverse line, as well as along costa and internal margin. Veins white. A lunu- late white discal spot, and whitish tinges around it. ‘Three transverse, undulating, white lines, two of which are double, the discal space being enclosed by these double lines, and the marginal transverse line being single. The latter crosses from apex the subcostal veins in a straight lines parallel with anterior margin, but becomes undulating in traversing the median veins. A thin, dark line indicates anterior margin. Fringes light brown. Wings show irridescence in a slanting position. Secondaries dark slate, with gray fringes ; anterior margin indicated by a thin black line. Below. Palpi black below. Abdomen and legs snowy white, the latter pilose, having the tibiae dotted with black. Wings blackish slate, especially dark along costal and in basal spaces, with veins and undulating marginal lines of grayish white. , @. Much larger and of lighter shade than ¢. Antennae, head, thorax and central thoracical streak the same as in ¢, but the hairy body snowy white, with gray segmentary tuft. The same transverse lines on primaries, the one near base and the central line, which enclose disc, being double, and only the marginal line being single. Basal area tufted with snowy white. Costa whitish. Fringes light brown. Veins white. Secon- daries dark slate, with basal white tuft, a white undulating marginal line and grayish-brown fringes, Below. Black palpi. White abdomen and legs, the tibiae with black dots. Anal portion of body covered with light brown hair. Wings slate colour with white nerves. Primaries showing the white double central and marginal, the secondaries only the marginal line. Basal areas and sections along marginal lines the darkest. ‘Types;.26 oF 29 2s. (Coll By Neumoegen: Expanse of wings: ¢ 30.mm.; 2 45. mm. Length of body: g¢ 10.mm.; ? 21. mm. Habitat : City of Mexico and vicinity. Collected by Mr. Moonz. This insect greatly resembles Z? ve//eda, Stoll., but its transverse lines on primaries differ and it is easily distinguished by its smaller size and darker colour, especially on the secondaries. THE ‘CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. % CAN THE DIPTERA BE CONSIDERED THE HIGHEST INSECTS ? BY C. H. TYLER TOWENSEND. In ‘the Nov., 1892, number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, pp. 269-70, there is printed a paper which was read by Professor H. Osborn before the Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S. at its Rochester meeting in August, 1892. It is entitled: ‘‘ Honey-bee or House-fly.” In this article Professor Osborn questions the view, first advanced by Hyatt and Arms, that the Diptera are to be considered the highest insects. At the end of the paper appear the following remarks, which were made at the time the paper was read before the meeting :— “Mr. Smith thought that the line of argument adopted by Messrs. Aldrich and Townsend was inconclusive, and that the article referred to carried with it its own refutation. He thought Mr. Osborn was correct in that the orders should be placed parallel, but that groups or families were more highly developed in some orders than in others. Mere specialization is never a test of rank in itself, and any line of argument that places the Hippoboscidee at the head of the insects as the highest in rank is simply unworthy of attention, since it omits the intellectual or nervous develop- ment as a factor.” The over-confident and assuring manner in which the above paragraph disposes of the subject is rather ludicrous. One might fancy the question finally answered, and consigned to oblivion. I feel safe in saying that such a hasty and incompetent dismissal of the subject will command little attention from anyone who is well informed in insect embryology. Professor Osborn’s paper simply makes the point that there are objec- tions to attempting an expression of lineal rank or descent in groups of animals, but that the orders of insects are divergent, or more or less parallel developments from a common form. The writer, in his note on the subject in Sczence (June, 1892), did not attempt to express the idea that the orders of insects led up in a natural or any other series to the Diptera; nor is any such view held by Hyatt and Arms, or Professor Aldrich, in what they have written on the subject. I desire to say also that I have not in any way upheld the view that the Hippoboscide should be considered the culminating point, but have rather pointed to the cyclorrhaphous families as occupying that position. It is very conclusively shown by Hyatt and Arms, Insecta, pp. 273-4, 8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287-8, that the Diptera are by far the most specialized insects, and that they should therefore be considered the highest in rank. If any one still doubts that they are the most specialized, he may be referred to the late edition of Lowne’s Anatomy etc., of the Blow Fly, part I., Oct., 1890. The wonderful development of the muscid pupa from the imaginal discs, all the larval organs undergoing disintegration, is not paralleled in any other order of insects. I contend that specialization, as deduced from the ontogeny of the insect, is the best and only reliable criterion of rank. Let those who believe otherwise point out a better one. ‘To talk of an intellectual development in insects is absurd. I do not admit that the actions of the social hymenoptera are in any way actuated by reason or intellect. It is, rather, inherited habit. As to the ubiquitousness of the House-fly, this is rather a point in its favour. It has, entirely on its own resources, become emphatically cosmo- politan, and even man “‘in all his glory ” is unable to reduce its numbers, or in any way to cope with it. On the other hand, the Honey-bee has for ages been cultivated, cared for and protected by mankind. Yet I would not by any means suggest the House-fly as the climax of insect development. Man is the highest animal, because of his immense cerebral specializ- ation. ‘There is no such contrast in cerebral development between the lowest and highest insects as there is even between the anthropoid apes and man. Consequently I believe that the same factor should not be used as a criterion of rank in insects. At the same time, man is farthest removed from the ancestral mammalian form in his general structural development, as deduced from his ontogeny, and this can and should be used as the basis of argument, not only in insects, but in all other groups of animals. This line of reasoning puts the Diptera at the head of the insect body, inasmuch as their larval stages show greater specialization or development than the larve of any other order of insects, while their perfect form points them out still more emphatically as the farthest removed from the ancestral thysanuriform type. If there is an objection on the part of some to the term “ highest ”, let the expression ‘“‘ most specialized” be substituted therefor. I cannot help believing that the use of the latter would be preferable. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 A NEW ARRANGEMENT OF THE COLEOPTERA. BY WM. HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN. Coleoptera may be described as Mandibulate Insects, with the fore- wings horny and the two basal abdominal joints invisible on the venter. A reduction in the number of abdominal joints at the tip and in the number of joints in the tarsi indicates advancement in rank among Cole- optera. Likewise, a specialization of the antennae to clavicorn or lamelli- corn indicates advancement, as well as does the degradation of the larva. The Lampyride are the lowest in rank, shown by their lax structure. The Heteromera and Phytophaga show high development in the specialization of their tarsi. The Rhynchophora are especially aberrant, and there is evidence of advanced type shown in the low development of the apodous larvae, greatly specialized prosterna and concealed ventral segments. A few Heteromera, the Buprestinae and the Lamiinae resemble them in their larvae. The larvae of Bruchidae are similar to those of Brenthus and Anthribus in their minute legs. The Weevils may be placed ahead of the other Coleoptera, although the Chafers are néarly as high. The Cicindelidae present a character not elsewhere found in the Dolichogastres, z. ¢., a dilation of the metapleura. A similar, but more extended, dilation is characteristic of the Rhynchophora and Phytophaga, The arrangement below is verified in the preceding paragraphs. SYNOPSIS OF COLEOPTERA, TWO SERIES. DoLICHOGASTRES.—Six or more ventrals visible (exc. Elateridae and Buprestidae). = Metapleura not widened (exc. Cicindelidae). Pentamerous (Normo- pleura). First visible ventral entire. Series Serrzcornia (Malacodermes, Ster- noxi). Series Monzlicornia (Brachyelytra). — First visible ventral divided by the coxe. Series /i/icornia (Adephaga). BRACHYGASTRES.—Only five ventrals usually visible. = Metapleura not widened. Six ventrals in many families (Normopleura). Heteromercus. Series Heteromera. First visible ventral not divided by coxae. Antennae various. Pentamerous. Series Clavicornia (Philhydrida, Necrophaga). Series Pectinicornia. Series Lamellicornia. 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, = Metapleura widened (Tetramera). Never more than five ventrals. (Platypleura). Series Phytophaga. Series Rhynchophora. The conclusion which may be drawn from this synopsis is that the. Tetramera are the equivalent of ali other beetles taken together. Those who follow LeConte’s views would place the Rhynchophora apart from all others ; then the division would be into Tetramera and Pentamera, the last including the Heteromera and Trimera. A GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE KNOWN LARVAL FOOD- HABIVS OFS THE: AGALY PTRA LTE « MUSCIDA:. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. In a short paper published in the Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., Vol. XIIL., on the occurrence, in a single restricted locality in Arizona, of a species of Wicropesa, I gave a very brief resumé of the food-habits of some of the better known families of Acalyptrate «Muscide, with the view of suggesting the possible habit of the species there considered. This prompted me later to bring together all available notes on the subject. As these small flies are of much economic importance, both -as being injurious and beneficial, I have felt that a quite complete summary of their larval fcod-habits would be of much use to the working entomologist, besides being of no little importance to those who may be making a special study of the diptera. I should acknowledge drawing a consider- able number of the notes from Schiner, Westwood and other European authors. All such refer to European species, but often apply equally as well to American species, when such exist in the genera named. All are of importance as indicating the great range and variety of the food-habits in this section of the Muscidz The only families of whose larval habits nothing seems to be knewn are the Micropezide, Phycodromide, Opomy- side, Letopside, Asteide and Geomyszide. According to their habits, the larvae of the Acalyptratee may be grouped in three categories: Scavengers, phytophagic species, and entomophagic or parasitic species. ‘These groups may be separated into sub-groups, as will be seen from the accompanying synoptic view ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, aN: Synopsis of larval habits of the Acalyptrate Muscide. ‘Coprophagous species or dung-feeders. ‘In decaying fruits. Feeders : . | In decaying wood and under bark of trees on decaying ; =. In decaying plants and leaves. vegetable . In decaying roots and tubers. matter. * In fung1. Scavengers. — ‘Salt or alkaline water and mud. Feeding | Urine. in fluids. | Vinegar. Sap from wounds of trees. Cheese. Feeders on animal matter. : ( Animal fats. ‘Gall makers. Infesting soft fruits. Fruitfeeders 4 Living in pods, seeds and berries. Living in flower heads. oO SAS | eafminers, | 1” water plants. = “* | In foliage of trees and land plants. Feeders in stems of plants and holms of grasses. Root feeders. Feeding in seaweed. ; 2 { In scales. Entomophagic Rteerce \ In plant lice. : species, : ( On scale insects. parasitic tendency. On larvee. Inquilines in bees’ nests. or group with a ae parasites ? < On plant lice. Summary of larval habits. Fam. CORDYLURID& : Norellia spinimana ; larva found on an anthomyiid larva (Bremi). Cleigastra apicalis ; larva in noctuid caterpillar (Boié). Cv. suzsterct; bred from larvee in swine dung (Townsend, Can. ENT.) Scatophaga ; larvz in dung and human excrement, also in water (Sch.). Fam. THYREOPHORID#: Thyreophora ; larvee found in anatomical preparations (Rob. Desv.) Fam. HELOMYZIDE& : Helomyza ; larvee in fungi and truffles (Westw.) Leria serrata ; larvee in dung (Bremi), in fungi (L. Dufour). Thelida ; a species on bat dung (Rob. Desv.) 12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Fam. HETERONEURIDE: Clusia ; pupz in mouldered tree trunks (Staeger). Heteroneura ; larvee and pupez under bark of trees and in decaying tree trunks. H. a/bimana; bred by Schiner from pup found in trunk of a weather-beaten willow. Fam. ScIOMYZID&: Dryomyza ; larve in fungi (Meq.) Actora ; breeds in seaweed (Boh.) Tetanocera ferruginea ; larve live between the leaves of Lemna and Callitriche in water (L. Dufour). Fam. DOoORYCERID#: Dorycera ; larvee live amongst leaves of water plants, several species being subcutaneous (Westw.) D. graminum,; larve in water (Geoffr.) Fam. PLATYSTOMID& : Platystoma umbrarum: larve live in decayed wood underground (Perris). Fam. ORTALID&: Herina (Ortalis) frondescentiz; larve feed on pulp of cherry (Réaumur). Tritoxa (Ortalis) flexa ; larvee live in onions. Psairoptera ; larvae of a species found under bark of Pinus, and Populus tremula (Sch.) Chloria (Ulidia) demandata; larve in old horse dung, where they passed the fall and winter (Bouché). Chaetopsis aenea; bred from larvee found July 5 burrowing in the centre of a stalk of corn (Gillette). Fam. LONCHAID#: Lonchea nigra; larve in the stems of Verbascum, Angelica and Carduus. JL. parvicornis; larve in suckers of Triticum repens, _ on which they cause galls with a scale-like covering, the dead leaf-sheath (Perris). LZ. /ascophthalma,; \arve under similar circumstances on suckers of Cynodon sp. Larve of other species under bark of trees (Giraud). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 Fam. SAPROMYZID& : Sapromyza; larve under decayed leaves (Bouché), in rotten straw (Perris), and in fungi (L. Dufour). Fam. TRYPETID# : Platyparea ; larvee of a species in asparagus (Sch.) Euphranta ; larvee of a species in pods of Vincetoxicum officinale, pupating in the earth (Giraud). Aciura femoralis; bred from larve found in Phlomis fruticosa (v. Frauenfeld). Acidia ; larve of a species in leaves, which they mine (Sch.) Larvee of another species in fruit of Lonicera xylosteum (Lev.) A. artemisi@ ; larvee mine leaves of Chrysanthemum (Westw.) Spilographa ; larve in fruits or berries, while some mine leaves (Sch.) S. alternata; larve in berry of Rosa villosa (Bouché, quot. by Westw. ) Orellia wiedemanni ; larvee live in leaves of Bryonia (Sch.) Trypeta ; larvae of many species live in flower heads of various com- positee. Rhagoletis (Trypeta) pomonella ; larve in apples (Wlsh.) Acrotoxa (Trypeta) ludens ; larve in oranges (Riley). Eurosta (Trypeta) solidaginis ; larva in galls on stems of solidago (Fitch). Urophora ; larve of many species live in various parts of composite plants (Sch.) U. cardui; larve in large galls on thistle (Westw.) Myopites ; larvee in flower-heads of Mula sp. (v. Frauenf., v. Roser), Ensina sonchi; larvee live in flower-heads of Sonchus, Apargia, Senecis, Tragopogon, Podospemum (Sch.), Carduus (v. Frauenf.) Carphotricha ; larvee live in Composite, preferably Ligulifloree (Sch.) Euleia onopordinis ; larvae mine in leaves of celery (Westw.) Oxyphora ; larve in flower-heads of various Composite (Sch.) Tephritis ; larvee in flower-heads of Composite (Sch.) - Anomoia ; larvee of a species in berries of Crataegus oxyacantha (Sch.) Ceratitis capitata ; larvae in peaches, oranges and other citrus fruits (Westw.) Dacus ole ; larve in olives, two or three larve in a fruit, pupating in the earth. 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Eutreta diana ; darve in gall on wild sage, Artemisia tridentata, in Mo. (Riley, Osten Sacken). Straussia (Trypeta) longipennis ; the fly oviposits in stalk of Helian- thus (sunflower) near tip, in June and July (Lintner, 3d. Rep.) Fam. SEPSID&: Nemopoda cylindrica ; larve in human excrement (Bouché, West., Sch. ) Themira putris ; larve in slimy water and mud (Sch.) Fam. PIOPHILID& : Piophila ; larvee in cheese, ham-fat and fatty animal matter in general (Swamm.). In salt (Germer). ; Fam. PSILID@&: Chyliza leptogaster ; bred from irregular galls the size of a walnut on the stems of Spireea opulifolia—not known that the galls were caused by these flies (Scholtz). Psila ros ; larvz in roots of Daucus (carrot) and Brassica (Sch.) Fam. OSCINID&: Platycephala ; pupz of one species in reed stems (Boié) Meromyza americana ; larve in stems of wheat, rye and probably in grasses (Riley, Webster and others). Chlorops ; larvee of several species live in holms of grasses and cereals. Chl. pumilionis, Chi. glabra; \arve injuring wheat (Bjerkander, Westw.) Chloropisca prolifica ; supposed by Dr. Lintner to breed in grass of lawns (7th Rep. N. Y. Ent., p.-239). Lipara ; larve in reed stems, causing large galls near the tops, in which they pupate (Sch.) Oscinis ; larvee live in holms of grasses and cereals. O. frit, larvee in husks of barley in Sweden (Linn.) Species in wheat in U. S. (Garman, Webster). Siphonella ; larvz in grasses, also in other plants (Sch.) Two species in flower-heads of various Cynerocephale (Egger, v. Frauenf. Larvee of one species in worm-eaten nuts, in company with cur- culionid larve (Perris, v. Frauenf ) Elachiptera ; pupe on a species in large quantities under the bark of old poplars (Sch.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 Gampsocera; larvze in decayed stems of Althea (H. Heeger). ? Novum genus ; bred in California frora a spider's egg-mass. Fam. EPHYDRID# : Halmopota ; larve in salt-pits (Bouché). Ephydra ; larvee in salt-pits (v. Heyden), in salt-pits of Kissingen (Diruf). £. californica; larvee live in great numbers in water of alkaline lakes in the south-western U. S. (Packard, Willis- ton). £. hians; larve in immense numbers in water of Lake Tezcuco, in Mexico, and are used by the Mexican Indians as food. It may also’ be mentioned that the larvee of E. californica are used by the Pah-Utes as food (Williston). Teichomyza fusca ; larve live in urine (Rob. Desyv.) Fam. DROSOPHILID& : Aulacigaster ; larvee of only species found in wounds on elm trees (L. Dufour). Gitona ; larve of only species live in flower-heads of Sonchus arven- sis (Loew), probably also in flower-heads of Onopordon (Sch.) Drosophila ; larve usually in sour-fermented matter, fermented liquids, vinegar, decayed fungi, ulcerated wounds of trees, decayed fruits (Sch.) D. ampelophila; larvae in pomace of cider mills, in pickled and preserved fruits (Lintner), bred from maggots found hollowing out grapes (Forbes). D. guinuria; bred from a mass of cochineal insects (Riley & Howard). Some species (Scaptomyza Hardy) are leaf-miners (Sch.) One or more species mine turnip leaves in Europe and U.S. (Curtis, Garman). ? Stegana ; breeding in hen dung (Riley & Howard, Ins. Life, IL., 254). It is perhaps doubtful whether this fly belonged to the Drosophilidae. Fam. OCHTHIPHILID& : Leucopis ; larvae parasitic (?) on plant lice and scale insects, (?) in spiders’ nests (Sch.) JZ. de//uda; reared from cochineal insect (Riley & Howard). Zeucopis sp.; parasitic (?) on Rhizococcus sp. on grasses in Nova Scotia (Fletcher). Lestophonus iceryae ; parasitic (?) on Icerya (Riley). 16 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. Fam. MILICHID#: Cacoxenus indagator ; larvae live in nests of Osmia emarginata, con- suming the food prepared for the Osmia larvae and causing them to die (Giraud). Probably found in other bees’ nests (Sch.) Fam. AGROMYZID&: Agromyza ; larvae are leaf-miners or live in pith of plants (Sch.) A. tritici; bred from larvae crawling in large numbers from un- threshed wheat in a barn (Fitch). Ceratomyza ; larvae of one species mine leaves of Sonchus oleraceus (Sch. ) Fam. PHYTOMYZID& : Phytomyza ; larvae are leaf-miners (Sch.), some species pupating in the parenchyma of the leaf (Chromatomyia Hardy). P. chry- santhemi; larve mine leaves of Chrysanthemum, Tanacetum, Eupatorium, Gazania, Helianthus, Cineraria (Lintner). JP. lateralis ; larvae live in heads of Anthemis, Pyrethrum, and in stems of Centaurea, Verbena and Urtica (Kaltenbach), mining in Sonchus (Gourean). P. flava; larvae in subcutaneous mines in leaves of Scolopendrium vulgare, a fern (Doubleday). P. flaviceps ; larvae mine leaves of woodbine (Hal.) LP. obscur- ella ; Jarvae mine leaves of holly (Hal.), in honey suckle (Glover). P. nigricornis; Jarvae mine in underside of leaves of turnip, peas, forming long galleries in parenchyma beneath lower cuticle, pupating at end of gallery (Curtis), also mine leaves of monks- hood, Aconitum (Kaltenbach). Fam. BorBoRIDE: Borborus ; larvae in dung and decayed fungi (Haliday). Sphaerocera ; larvae live in horse dung (Sch.) Limosina ; larvae of a species in Confervae, in diseased potatoes, and in fungi (Sch.) Nore.—If any genera whose larval habits are known have been omitted, or if any peculiarity in habit of a genus here mentioned is not included, the author will be glad to know of the references or observa- tions, The list is not supposed to be complete. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 LARV4 OF PAPILIO PHILENOR BECOMING LARVO- PHAGOUS. BY RICHARD E. KUNZE, M. D., NEW YORK. **T perish by my art ; dig mine own grave ; I spin the thread of life ; my death I weave.” Truly wonderful is the adaptability of some individuals when placed under circumstances tending to diminish the reproduction of their race. Desirous of raising larvee of Papilio philenor, I planted two years ago five vines of Dutchman’s Pipe (Aristolochia sipho) in my back yard, which in the summer of the present year (1892) covered a wall and fence 16x7 feet with luxuriant foliage. July 2nda friend brought me, from Staten Island, N. Y., from 125 to 150 larvee of Philenor. ‘Yhe majority had passed their first, and a few their second moult. All were transferred to the leaves of the Dutchman’s Pipe vine in my garden plot. By the ninth of July nearly all the leaves of my Pipe vines were devoured, before less than half of the leaves were full grown. I then removed fifty of the largest to a five-gallon flower pot, covering the bottom with a layer of loam, and filling up this breeding cage with as many leaves of Aristolochia sipho as it would hold. ‘The pot and loam were first well sprinkled with water to furnish moisture for stems of Aristolochia vines, and the top covered with thick manilla paper to prevent evaporation, inasmuch as the porosity of the cage answered every such purpose. Two days later the leaves of breeding cage were all devoured, and those on my vines in the garden nearly so. I divided what remained of the latter, and gave an equal share to larve in the cage. Exactly forty-eight hours afterward the Pipe vines of the garden were entirely defoliated, and the larve contained in the flower pot nearly all transforming into chrysalids. Two days previously I requested my friend, Mr. Ehrenberg, who furnished the larvee, to procure me a supply of Aréstolochia leaves from Staten Island, where he officiated as landscape architect at a well-known villa, else most of our larvee would perish. In the meantime the owner of the villa noticed the foliage of his Ar¢sto/ochia trellis disappearing rapidly, caused by the remaining larve which my friend had failed to take off for me. His,(the owner’s) instructions to the resident gardener to keep these jarvee well picked off had not been observed, he thought, while the land- scape architect tried to raise a few more chrysalids on the trellis facing the 18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. villa, and suggested to the gardener to defer operations a few days longer. The owner, not knowing of our intentions, became vexed and gave an Italian labourer a bagfull of sulphur, with orders to dust the Arzstolochia with it effectually. How well the instruction was carried out may be inferred when it is known that those plagued worms, all the remaining foliage and much of the grass beneath the vines, were totally destroyed ! At the same time, while in expectation of an abundant supply of larval food, I had collected from the bare vines, wall and fences of the yard, from the passage ways of the house, and wherever they wandered in search of food, some sixty hungry larve. These were put into a lady’s large bonnet box, and some fifteen different food plants which grew on the premises were placed therein to serve that wriggling mass of large black larvze with long concolorous tubercles their immediate wants. But touch it they would not. On the evening of the ninth of July my friend returned from Staten Island without any food plant, and informed me of our misfortune. I knew of only twé more private places in this city, and another in Astoria, Long Island, where Aristolochia sipho is cultivated. Not being acquainted with the owners, I could not obtain a supply. The children of neighbours brought me numbers of my /Az/enor larve which had crawled into their yards and gardens. I decided to keep only the largest of these famishing larvz, thinking to obtain a few more chrysalids while waiting for a possible supply of food plant, which, how- ever, did not come. All others I gave liberty to go where they pleased. Many returned to the bare stem of my Aristolochia, where they nibbled at the epidermis of the vines until most had perished. Necessity compelled the larvae I had in that bonnet box to become En- tomophagous, so to speak. Nota leaf ofa plant, shrub or tree,wild or culti- vated, would they eat. On the 11th of July I observed several of the caged larvee had spun a thread of silk across their bodies and were sus- pended by their anal hooks from the sides of the cage. A number of other hungry larve were attacking and devouring their own kind which were helplessly “hung up” and could not escape from the onslaught of these carnivorous larve. On the next day I discovered a few chrysalids suspended from the box, which during transformation had escaped attack, while others were being devoured. But before they hardened sufficiently to permit of removal these chrysalids, too, were attacked and converted intu food! It was a disgusting and repellant sight to witness. From day THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. iis) to day this larval cannibalism continued to enable a number of individuals to transform into the second stage. When the chrysalis was not at once removed it would soon disappear, excepting only the outer case. Some- times 3 or 4 larve would attack a suspended larva at the same time, and whenever a dismembered portion of the victim fell to the bottom of the cage other larve would seize and devour it. A dozen larve and as many chrysalids were eaten up in four days, and not even the skin of a larva would remain. Thermometer ranged from 80° to g2° in the shade, but no sign of decomposition was noticeable in cage. It was dog eat dog, and not even bones left to tell the tale ! July the 16th only nine larve were left, and two chrysalids transformed the previous day were in an unsightly condition—literally disemboweled. All of these larvze were very lively, but whenever ready to transform would never be more than two-thirds the size of those naturally fed. One more unfortunate hung byits anal feet to become thenext victim in order. July the 19th three larvee were alive, of which one was “spinning the thread of life”. I again placed 8 or 10 kinds of food plants in the cage, which in twenty- four hours were untouched. One chrysalid was left intact. I now placed the remaining two larve on my Aristolochia vines, inasmuch as a new growth of leaves was in sight. These immediately fed upon the tender food offered. A number of others, barely alive, were nibbling away at the bare vines lower down on the plants, and had not yet discovered the new foliage. Altogether these were a most carnivorous lot of larve, from which I obtained only five chrysalids out of a possible twenty-five larvee retained in that cage. From one of these emerged, in September, a ¢ imago of the normal colour, but smaller in size. I am not aware that larvophagous caterpillars have been reported as oc- curring among Rhopalocera. In the American Naturalist, Vol. XX., page 556, it is stated that a Lyceenid larva of Feniseca targuinius feeds upon an Aphid which is found only on the branches of alder (A/nus serrulata) affecting swampy localities. One of my liberated PAz/enor larve fed upon a cultivated plant of Azalea indica, which was a potted plant fifteen inches in height. I discovered the chrysalid in September, and this was the only exception as far as I could discover where these had not fed either upon Aristolochia sipho or their own kind, 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENUS ANISOPOGON. BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. The following table includes those species of Anisopogon at present known to occur in this country north of Mexico :— 1.—Scutellum (except sometimes its extreme base) black. Scutellum and face yellow, abdomen yellow, marked with five ‘eae fasciz, wings pale yellow......... ‘ . .vespoides, Bigot 2.—Abdominal segments one to rane holly cruel «: Clin eee eae a ae Abdominal segments three to six —. sometimes ‘thete lateral mar- gins) reddish. . Seam se 6m ore eta suites See RS 3.—Wings pure eos the cross veins sae eee alr sometimes clouded with brown ; tibiz reddish. Wate site s aakecs (apie em Wings more or less Ven the apex never Cinceiiee .. Judius, N. sp. Wings having the apical half blackish........ pe us Legh gibbus, Loew. 4.—Pollen of abdomen extending on the bases of the segments 5 ER Behe APN atic SW eae Sk ena Oe WE Sr ed ...senilis, Bigot. Pollen confined to the apices of the segments.........Zautus, Loew. 5.—Wings nearly uniform, smoky-gray; head, first two joints of antenne, thorax and legs obscure brown...........7uhzdus, n. sp. Wings smoky-brown, darkest on apical half; head, antenne and thioraseblale kas sig: hss sca asim ciia ie oo ohne ae as hay a Sug loan a EPMO LES. TES Anisopogon ludius, n. sp. ¢.—Black, the tibie and tarsi dark reddish- brown. Face gently convex, white pilose, bristles of lower part black ; first joint of antennz slightly longer than the second, the third joint tapering to the tip, three times as long as the second, the style slender, seven-eights as long as the third antennal joint ; pile of occiput, thorax, pleura, coxze and venter white ; upper side of each front tarsal joint witb a dense covering of appressed white hairs ; upper side of middle femora toward its apex with a dense covering of short appressed black hairs, which, however, leave a large elliptical naked space between the apex and the middle ; middle tibiae white pilose in front, and above the middle ornamented with a large patch of appressed black hairs and bristles, which form an inner and an outer fringe; inner side of hind tibiae near the tip, and also of the hind metatarsi, densely bright yellow pubescent ; wings smoky brown, lightest at the apex and along the hind margin ; all posterior and the anal cell open. 2 as in the male, except that the front tarsi, middle femora and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 tibiae are not ornamented as in the male, and the wings are much lighter, the brown forming a border to some of the veins. Length, 12-16 mm. Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California, and British Colum- bia. Two males and three females, in May. The British Columbia specimen was received from Mr. W. A. Danby. This species is closely related to A. semz/is Bigot, but in the latter species the wings are wholly hyaline, and the appressed white hairs on the front tarsi of the male are confined to the first joint. I have specimens of the latter species from Colorado and Florida (Morrison). In both species, the colour of the bristles on the head, body and legs is too vari- able to be of any value in separating the species. Anisopogon rubidus,n. sp. 2? .—Obscure brown, the following parts black :—The third antennal joint, basal half of style, proboscis, palpi, scutellum except its base, first segment of abdomen, basal half of second, lateral margins of the others, seventh segment and genitalia largely, apex of venter and upper side of each femur, that on the first and second seg- ments of abdomen with a strong bluish tinge, brown of abdomen more reddish than on the other parts ; thorax irregularly marked with grayish black. Head gray pollinose, the pile yellowish-white ; face evenly con- vex, the pile extending nearly to base of antennae ; first joint of antennae slightly longer than the second ; third joint slightly longer than the first two taken together, tapering gradually to the apex, the style two-thirds as long as the third joint. ‘Thorax gray and golden pollinose, the pile short, sparse, mixed black and white ; pleura gray pollinose, its pile and that of the coxae white, the fan-like pile in front of halteres also white. Pile of abdomen sparse, microscopic, light-coloured, that on lateral margins and on venter longer, whitish. Pile of legs sparse, whitish, that on tarsi and tips of tibiae largely black. Wings smoky gray, all posterior cells and the anal cell open. E gd same as the 9, except that the middle femora have each a cluster of black pile at its apex in front and two similar fringe-like clusters, one on the upper. the other on the lower surface at its last third, and above the middle of each middle tibia are two long dense fringes of black pile on its inner and outer sides, connected with each other in front ; front metatarsi destitute of appressed white pile. Length, 14 to 17 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Four females and one male. Antsopogon patruelis, n. sp. g 9 .—Same as the above description of rubidus, with these exceptions :---Head, antennae, thorax, scutellum and Lo bo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. femora, except the apex, black ; apical third of the first abdominal seg- ment and the apical three-fourths of the second segment reddish in the female, but black in the male. Style one and a-fourth times as long as the third antennal joint. Wings smoky brown, lighter on the base as far as the furcation of the second and third veins; a lighter transverse shade passes through the middle of the discal cell. Front metatarsi of the male densely covered with appressed white hairs above. Length, 13 to 16mm. Texas. A single male and female received from the late H. K. Morrison. THE LARVA AND CHRYSALIS OF CHRYSOPHANUS DIONE. Some time ago Mr. Henry G. Willard, of Grinnell, Iowa, very kindly sent me some of the full grown larve of this species. I made a few notes at the time which may be of use, owing to the fact that nothing has been published in regard to the early stages of this butterfly. The food plant at the home of the insect is Rumex longifolius, but they readily ate our common species of dock found here. The full grown larva were onisciform in shape, grass greenin colour, and 20 mm. in length. Most of them had a narrow, claret-coloured dorsal stripe, and the entire body, under a glass, was seen to be clothed with minute black hairs. The larva is of the same general appearance as that of Chrysophanus hypophleas, but larger. The chrysalis is the same shape as most others in the Lycenidz, and looks very much like Scudder’s figure of the chrysalis of E. thoe. In colour the chrysalis is a light hay colour, and the dorsal abdominal segments are heavily marked with blackish blotches. The dorsal thoracic segments are peppered with black spots. The wing covers are lightest in colour of any part, but are also peppered with the fine black points. The head, eyes and shoulder-joints are covered with black blotches. One chrysalis, which I think was entirely green and with- out the black markings, disclosed a C. ¢hoe, but I did not notice any difference in the larva I had, so I conclude the larvz of the two species look very much alike. Mr. Willard could perhaps give us something interesting about the times of appearance and habits of this butterfly, as it is common in his locality. Henry SKINNER, M.D., Philadelphia, bo eo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. NOTES ON ZARAA AMERICANA.—CRESS. BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC. The young larva of Zarwa Americana appears in the beginning of July on Menyanthes trifoliata. It lies curled on the underside of the leaf. Its head is black, and its body lead-colour above and greenish- white beneath. It develops into the most beautiful Jarva of any of the Tenthredinidae that I am acquainted with. Description of the full-grown larva.—Length one and a-quarter inches. Head black. Body above lead colour—excepting the anal seg- ment, which is greenish white. The underside and the legs are greenish- white. The forelegs are tipped with black. Along the back are eleven pairs of raised and conspicuous bright yellow spots. Between the pairs, and on either side of them, are conspicuous jet-black spots, which, taken _with the yellow ones, form rows across the back. ‘There are other rows of smaller black and fade-yellow spots—two after each row of the larger ones. The side lines are white. Above these lines, on the margin of the lead-colour, is a row of black dots. Beneath them, just above the legs, isa series of raised yellow spots—each spot being surmounted by one or two black dots. The larvae were plentiful in one spot, but could hardly be said to be gregarious, as only one or two were to be found on a plant. Towards the end of July the larva spins around itself a closely woven, dark-brown cocoon. In the spinning it usually gathers several leaves of the plant about it. The larva remains unchanged in the cocoon till spring, when it assumes the pupal state. The fly makes its appearance in the middle of May. Description of the perfect insect.—In length the fly measures about nine-twentieths of an inch; and in expanse of wings about eighteen” twentieths. The antennae are dark brown, six-jointed and clavated. The wings are faintly clouded with brown. ‘The head and thorax are dark brown and hairy. . The abdomen, which is oval in outline, is of a rich velvety-brown above, with a slightly bronzy-green lustre. The colour fades into light reddish-brown on the sides and on the two last segments. ‘The underside of the abdomen is pale brown. ‘The tibiae and tarsi are white, and have a waxen appearance. ‘The fly seems to be somewhat sluggish in its habits. I am indebted to Mr. E. T. Cresson for the identification of the insect. 24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A NEW FORM OF PRIONIA, AND NOTES ON PLATYPTERYX ARCUATA AND P. GENICULA. BY GEORGE H. HUDSON, STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, PLATTSBURGH, N. Y. Prionia levis, 0. var. or sp. Primaries without the delicate frosted or silvery appearance, and without the numerous short, fine, strigate, brown lines of dzdneata. The brown scales are present, but are uniformly and evenly distributed, save where they form the two brown lines which cross the wing, and a little darker shading near the outer edge and apex. ‘These two transverse lines are about a third wider apart than in 4z/:neata, the second narrowly edged externally with the clear, pale vellow ground-colour of the wing. There is no brown submarginal line, but a wavy, pale yellow line runs from inner margin to costa, midway between the second line and the outer margin. The vestiture appears to be more dense and smooth than in the allied form. Both primaries and secondaries seem to have a more decided ochreous tint. Underside with markings more obscured. Described from one male taken Aug. 13, 1887, and one female taken Aug. 3, 1890; both from the electric lights. This may prove to bea seasonal form of dz/7zeata. My dates of capture for the latter, since 1886, are as follows (the figure after the hyphen giving the number of specimens). May 8, 10-2, 15-3, 19; June 16, 22-2, 3o. Mr. H. G. Dyar, while here last summer, suggested that this new form might be the one which the late Mr. Hy. Edwards (Can. Ent , XIX, 146) referred to P. /acertinaria, Linn. (=dacertuda, Den. and Scheiff.). Both L. bilineata and P. Zevis are distinct from the European form, although very closely allied to it. Mr. Dyar also called my attention to the fact that this form seems to vary somewhat after the manner of Platypteryx genicula from P. arcuata, as pointed out by Dr. Packard in ‘“‘ Proceedings of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.”, Vol. XXIV., page 491, 1890. We separated the two forms and then looked up the dates of capture, with results as follows :— Platypteryx arcuata.—May 10-2, 11, 16-2, 19, 21-2, 24; June 1-2, 3,95 July 27. LP. genicula.—Julv 7, 13, 27-3, 28-2, 31-2; Aug. 2-4, 3-2, 14. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25 FEMALE OF CROCOTA ROSA, FRENCH. BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. In describing this species in Vol. XXII, page 133, of the CANADIAN EntTomovocist, I had before me two males, one from Texas and one from Ohio. I have now before me a fine fresh female from Champaign, IIL, the first of this sex I have seen, and I will give here some additional characters of the species. The forewings are fawn, a little darker than in the type, but the latter was evidently a little faded. The hindwings have a few dusky scales in the outer border near the anal angle. On the fore- wings the veins are a trifle darker than the spaces between the veins, but only from the wing being thicker here. Antennae a shade darker than the forewings ; a semi-ring back of the eyes that is red tinted, as also the underside of the palpi; upper side of tibiae a little more red tinted. Abdomen above concolorous with the hindwings, an obscure row of dorsal dusky spots ; whole of underside of body concolorous with upper side of forewings. CORRESPONDENCE. A CORRECTION. Sir,—On page 225, Can. Ent., 1892, I described a new Bombycid genus, 4Ze/za. Finding that this name is preoccupied, I have changed it to Lumelia, calling the insect proper Zumelia Danbyi, Neum. ~ B. NEUMOEGEN. HONEY-BEE OR HOUSE-FLY. Str,—The November number of your journal contains upon its first and second pages some rather misleading comments on an article of mine in Scéenee, of April 29. There was nothing in the article to justify the intimation that I had arranged any insects in a “linear series.” The article was in the main a re-statement of Hyatt and Arms’s view of the systematic position of the Diptera. To this I added several considerations tending to reinforce their conclusions. I referred to their placing ‘the Hymenoptera second and the Lepidoptera third,” but this does not necessarily imply anything “linear.” See their book ‘ Insecta.” So far am I from holding the views imputed to me that I prefer not to regard any of the groups as representing ‘‘ parallel branches,” believing that ‘‘we should make an effort to avoid the expression of lineal rank in groups of animals.” 26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. I purposely based my conclusions upon anatomy alone, because, as I said, “to introduce the subject of instinct or of usefulness to man, is to confuse our ideas, for we cannot translate the data furnished by such a criterion into terms of the other standard.” Judged from that position, it is very much out of the way to assert that ‘“‘ mere specialization is never a test of rank in itself.” All that I tried to show was that, anatomically considered, the Diptera are the most highly specialized order. I trust that it is not out of place to add that the author of one of our” principal introductions to entomology, a man whose opinions have as great weight as anyone’s in this country, informed his class in entomology last summer that he had come to the conclusion that the Diptera are the highest order. 1 was so informed by one of his students. J. M. ALpRICH. Brookings, South Dakota, Nov. 11, 1892. NOTES. MELANCHROIA CEPHISE, HUBN The genus Melanchroia has been associated in our lists with Guophaela to form a family Pericopide. As a matter of fact it isa veritable geometer, with little more relation to Gzophae/a than is expressed in the statement that both are Macro-Heterocera! This has, indeed, been recognized in Europe, and Mr. Butler, when identifying my specimens as JZ. cephise, added the remark “ belongs to the geometrites ”. M. cephise is very common in Kingston, Jamaica, and on Aug. 5, last year, Mr. Bowrey kindly gave me a number of the larvae. These were of the usual form of geometrid larvae, and from them I drew up the following description :— M. cephise: Larva about 22 mill. long, body smooth, with a few short hairs, which are hardly visible without a glass. Head yellow-brown, the mouth parts dark. Thoracic legs yellow-brown. Abdominal legs tinged yellow-brown. Body pale yellow, with a black ring on each segment, which extends downwards only as far as the infraspiracular line (except that on the 4th body segment, which is continuous below). These rings are broad on the 4th to 8th body segments, but rather narrow on the others. There is a longitudinal, narrow black subdorsal line, and a black infraspiracular line, which broadens into triangles (which are spotted with white) at the junctions with the black rings. The edges ofall these black bands are whitish. The very young larvae are marked in similar way to those which are mature. The pupa is brown and rather shiny. The moths began to emerge on Aug. 15th. T. D. A. CocKERELL, Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. an HALISIDOTA MACULARIA, WALK. I find on further search that HZ macularia, Walk. (see Can. ENT. Vol. XXIV., p. 306), is made a synonym of Adsenus maculosus, Stoll., whose habitat is given as West Africa. The citation of it from North America can only be the result of an error. The occurrence of Hadis:dota megapyrrha, Walk. (=Ammalo helops, Cram.), is also doubtful, though not so much so, as its home Is in Surinam. Harrison G. Dyar, Roxbury, Mass. ASTATUS BICOLOR, SAY. In the excellent synopsis of the difficult genus Astatus, by Dr. William J. Fox, published in the September number of this journal, I believe that gentleman to be in error as to his identification of A. bicolor, Say. This is an undersized species, not uncommon in Illinois, having the stigma and the contiguous portion of the submarginal vein of a yellowish rufous colour—‘“ pale rufous”, Say writes—and not black, as Dr. Fox states ; the legs black, as usual. The species described by Dr. Fox as new, under the name pygidialis, appears from the description to agree closely with bicolor, scarcely differing except in the rufo-testaceous colour of the legs and on the clypeus and antennal scape, which parts are black in d¢color. It is possibly an extreme variety of the latter species. I would arrange the synonymy of this group as follows :— ASTATUS RUFIVENTRIS, Cress. 2 rufiventris, Cress. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. IV., p. 218. : bicolor, Fox. Can. Ent. XXIV., p. 232. A. BICOLOR, Say. 2 3 bicotor, Say. Lec. Ed., I., p. 166. terminata, Cress. ‘Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. IV., p. 2:8. A. PYGIDIALIS, Fox. pygidialis, Fox. Can. Ent, XXIV., p. 234. (?=var. of bicolor. CuHar_es A. Hart, Champaign, Ill. BOOK NOTICES. HisTorRE NATURELLE DES ARAIGNEES: Deuxitme Edition, Par Eugene Simon : Librairie Encyclopédique de Roset, Paris, 1892. The first portion of Vol. I. of this most important work has just appeared (pp. 1-256). The work will be divided into four parts: 1. External Anatomy; 2. Classification; 3. Biology; 4. Geographical Distribution. Simon arranges the known spiders of the world in 41 families ; three families under the suborder Aranee theraphose ; the remaining families under Aranee vere; the latter is divided into two 28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ’ sections—the Crsbel/at@, with eight families, the crbel/ate, with thirty families. This portion of Vol. I. contains the External Anatomy and the classification of the Aranee theraphose and the Cribel/ate section of the Aranee vere. The text is illustrated with outline figures. There is no key to the families, but under each family there is a key to the genera, after which follow descriptions of the genera and various remarks. The descriptions of the genera and the keys are in Latin ; the rest in French. Although the classification will, of course, change from time to time, this work will be for many years to come a most important work for arachnolo- gists, and should be found in every college library throughout the world. —N. B. A SYNONYMIC CATALOGUE OF LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA (Morus) by W..-E.- Kirby, FE. L.:S., Biol. S., etc... etc.:° Vel. Ey sphinges: and Bombyces. London: Gurney and Jackson, 1 Paternoster Row: 1892. This forms a large volume of 950 pages, including the Sphinges and Bombyces of the world, and brought down to May 1, 1892. ‘There are twenty-nine families recognized, of which the Sphingide form the twenty- first, preceded by the Notodontidz and followed by the Bombycide. The Castniidz head the list, including as the only North American species, the genus Megathymus, heretofore classed among the butterflies. The genus Lagoa, which Dr. Packard has recently proposed should form the type of a new family, is placed in the Liparidz, between Parorgyia and Orgyia, a most peculiar location. A number of names, long since referred to the synonymy, reappear under their original generic titles in a very mis- leading manner, as, for example, Arctia bimaculata Saunders, placed be- tween A. f pallida Stets. and A. ais Dru., in the genus Apantesis Walk. One would hardly look for Crocata guinaria here. On page 36 is a curious error, whereby the noctuid genus Auedwardsia, Grote, proposed for Xanthotrix Neumoegent, Hy. Edw., is made to stand for Adwardsia brillians, Neum. As both generic names are thus pre-occupied, the Agaristid genus may be knownas Lupseudomorpha But errors of this kind are hard to avoid in a work of the size of this one ; and the arrange- ment of the moths of the world under a uniform system of classification makes possible a revision of our North American species to correspond with it. The correction of certain errors in the location of species, with — which Mr. Kirby is necessarily autoptically unacquainted, can easily be made, and Mr. Neumoegen and myself have already started on this work. Harrison G. Dyar. Mailed January 5th. 7" orm - R {‘\eral =— Por ; On eR oon eee The ana a VOL. oe * LONDON, Fepeuary, 1893, No. ak; CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 2. BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA. COLEOCENTRUS CANADENSIS, N. sp. Female.—Length, 20 mm. Black, with red legs. Head transverse, as wide as thorax ; cheeks as wide as eyes ; face slightly swollen below antenne, clothed with short pubescence, and with the inner orbits faintly yellowish below ; palpi and inner edges of mandibles and labrum rufous ; vertex and cheeks polished, the area of the ocelli without noticeable de- pressions or sutures; antenne long and moderately thick, the joints about forty and subsequal. Thorax polished above; the lobes of the mesothorax prominent, the central sulcate ; pleure and pectus rugose or subaciculate, but without definite striz ; scutellum moderately large and elevated; metathorax with acute carinz ; the area enclosed by the two discal carinz about twice as long as wide ; in the area enclosed by the two lateral carinz the elongate spiracle may be plainly seen almost in centre; the areas between lateral and discal carinz transversely rugose ; legs slender with robust coxz, entirely rufous with exception of hinder tibiz and tarsi, which are somewhat brownish ; wings faintly yellowish, stigma and nervures brown, areolet small, triangular and pedicellate, receiving the recurrent nervure at outer angle. Abdomen sessile, robust, brown rather than black: first segraent twice as long as wide, not much expanded posteriorly, faintly sulcate above, with indis- tinct lateral carine ; remaining segments shorter, subequal, margined at apex (except last) with pale yellow; the terminal segment compressed and curved so as to partly embrace the ovipositor; ventral scale very large, partly covering three apical segments ; ovipositor as long as body, piceous, the sheaths piceous black, very finely pubescent. Captured at Casselman, about thirty miles south-west from Ottawa, on the 26th June, 1883. 4 30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. I have much pleasure in describing this insect, as the species of Coleocentrus are rare in collections. All the American forms have been described from Canada, and so far these insects seem to have been found, with one excepticn, only in our territories. During a visit to Sudbury, on the 16th of last June, with Mr. Fletcher, we were so fortunate as to take five examples of the fine species described by Mr. Cresson in Vol. I., page 35, of the CaNADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, and named after Mr. Pettit. I find no record of its occurrence during the score of years which has since elapsed, and the two females taken by Mr. Fletcher and the three males which I secured are therefore highly prized. The females were flying near the ground among the fallen timber, upon which they were also seen to alight, and in addition to those captured two or three escaped owing to the rough nature of the ground. The males were hovering about bushes, and were not at first recognized as belonging to’ this genus, as they differ so much in the shape of the abdomen and in method of flight. A female was also taken by Mr. Evans during our stay witn him. As the male has not been described, if indeed previously captured, I append its description in such characters as it differs from the female. COLEOCENTRUS PETTITII, Cress. Male.—Length, 17 to 20 mm. Black, shining. Face below antenne, scape of antenne beneath and palpi yellow. Antennz black, nearly as long as the body, the joints both longer and more numerous than in 2. Legs varying slightly in colour but much paler than those of ? ; the anterior and middle legs, including the tips of cox, are almost yellow, as also the posterior tarsi; posierior femora and tibiz pale rufous, with a more or less defined black stripe down the tibie behind. Abdomen slender and compressed laterally, as in some Ophionids ; the first seg- ment much narrower than in the 9; the apex of the last dorsal segment shaped as in @. : The posterior tibiz of the females are not black as in the specimen described by Cresson, but rufous or brownish with a black line externally, as in the ¢. Our species may be tabulated as follows :— Head, thorax and abdomen mostly rufous......... C. rufus, Prov. Head and thorax black ; abdomen black or brownish. Antenne with yellowish ANNULUS! oly ns » are CO. HICLED ES een OM, % THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. on Antenne black. Legs, including cox, brownish fulvous. C. oce¢dentadis,Cress. eeneumious, cox black... 20 i422: sd .C. Fettiti, Cress. Legs rufous, coxz rufous.............C. Canadensis, n. sp. Of the above species, occidentalis is recorded from Vanc. Island, and has been taken in California by Mr. Koebele; me//ipes from the Rocky Mountains ; rufus from Quebec (?), and Peftitiz and Canadensis from Ontario. Another fine genus of the Pimpline is Ecthrus, the species of which in general appearance much resemble those of Coleocentrus. The females, however, may be readily distinguished by the absence of the large ventral scale, and by their inflated anterior tibia. The shape of the areolet and of the last dorsal segment of the abdomen will separate the males. EcCTHRUS RUFOPEDIBUS, N.. Sp. Female. Length, 20 mm. Black, with red legs. Head_ entirely black ; face rugosely punctured and opaque ; cheeks and vertex polished, but distinctly punctate ; labrum and mandibles polished ; palpi black ; antennez long and slender: third, fourth, and fifth joints long, subequal, a white annulus extending from middle of sixth joint nearly to apex of tenth. Thorax immaculate ; lobes of mesothorax prominent, polished and punctate, as is also scutellum; pleura and metathorax coarsely rugosely sculptured, posterior transverse carina of métathorax distinct, but areas of disc not clearly defined ; wings sub-hyaline, nervures and stigma black, areolet large, pentagonal ; cox, trochanters and femora rufous, front tibize inflated, white, their tarsi almost rufous, middle tibiz and tarsi brownish, the posterior tibiz and tarsi black. Abdomen stout, basal seg- ments strongly punctured, the first without distinct carine ; ovipositor as long as body, rufous, sheaths black, scarcely pubescent. This fine species was captured by Mr. Winn at Montreal on the 14th June, 1890. I have prepared the following table for convenience in separating the twelve species of the genus. FEMALES. DN ReaD RAY 0 tens) as oF a ierwid «al inw.e doo arom and whee BAYES, Cress. Wings banded. BS CS IOUS re Gn ey alates» webs tae oye Aix eeDelEpennes, Cress. PE AS ie hay Narn Cia oh seen ce ae rica hls we LBEEUOSUS, PTOV. 32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Wings hyaline, or subhyaline. Abdomen red. Be. cs nae. oth, @hdominalis, Cress Abdomen red and place weak sale ials. PrOUANChEr1, Prov; Abdomen black and wine teceeesees EZ, pediculatus, Prov. Abdomen black. Antenne brown, anterior coxe biack...Z. rubripes, Prov. Antenne black, anterior coxe red.. .£. nigricornis, Prov. Antenne annulate with white. Ovipositor long. eps places | |. erates . £. niger, Cress. Legs red. : ae pajipediie n. sp. Ovipositor short. First abdominal segment carinate, : am ..£. annulicornis, Walsh. First abdonaitll sedate not carinate, .£. canadensis, Prov. MALES. ABE Omen Ted eo scp le Deeley. «1. s:+ vl eee CRA DUIS ae Abdomen black. Meesablackic5. 2% . ars... <<rs) ele escheat eee ere eae Leo WeG e085 25) k cies... ...elccieahia ap ale att Cemeecas ans wegtaNs Two of the species are described from the United States, viz., annulicornis from Illinois and nubidipennis from the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. Ottawa has furnished two, viz., ziger and abdominalis com- municated to Mr. Cresson by the late Mr. Billings, and described in Can. Ent., Vol. I., page 37. Of the former of these, zzger, I have taken 4 @ andi ¢, and have found the female ovipositing in decaying maples in June. Provancher also records this species from St. Hyacinthe, Que. The second, abdominalis, | have not succeeded in finding here yet, but I was so fortunate as to take a fine female at Sudbury on the occasion of the visit already mentioned. I have also received this species from Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Victoria, B.C., and his specimen agrees in every particular with that from Sudbury. The species maurus (doubtfully referred to this genus by Cresson) was described from Victoria, and Provancheri was also obtained by Mr. Brodie from Vancouver. The species now described, rufopfedibus, is from Montreal, and the remaining species, all described by Provancher, are presumably aiso from the Province of Quebec. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oo SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENUS BLACODES. BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. Up to the present time but a single species of B/acodes has been described from the United States: B. be//us, Loew, from Texas. I give herewith descriptions of three other species, and present a table to aid in identifying them :— 1 Wings largely hyaline, abdomen and femora black Wings black, abdomen and femora red ...... ees aant arcewadiseas bellus Lw. 2 Thorax destitute of a crest of hairs, scutellum bearing only two EISteS able eV CHOW peasehsss'snde tet vnc aldvensBun (alms ewe your nate eee Thorax furnished with a crest of hairs, scutellum bearing four bristles, talyieey DIA OK ax oad cbdciac sitcisias caicasta weneeacin Mew 2s te veyt OM ANALF Oa SU 3 Anal cell open, second submarginal cell appendiculate Ratan eeehaachav en Ce rause= nefesec es = stoner secvccsens soeseeneelt UNCUS, Ne SP. Anal cell closed, second submarginal cell not appendiculate PMA C ere esata hes toate her Pew tee Pooled tae nance tetee clausus, N. Sp. Blacodes cristatus, 0. sp., 2. Wholly black, the tibize slightly piceous. Head light gray pollinose, that in middle of the front dark brown ; face moderately convex, mystax black and white, very dense and extending nearly to the antenne; first joint of antenne slightly longer than the second ; third joint lanceolate, three times as long as the second joint ; style slender, slightly over half as long as the third joint. Thorax very convex, gray pollinose and marked with a broad blackish-brown geminate median stripe, which is considerably dilated outwardly behind the middle ; on each side of this stripe is a broad, irregular, blackish-brown stripe extending but little in front of the middle of the dorsum ; the median brown stripe bears num- erous black and light yellow pile, which, on the anterior portion, forms a nearly erect crest ; bristles of thorax black and light yellow; pleura mottled light gray and dark brown pollinose, the pile white ; the fan-like row of bristles in front of the halteres is white. Scutellum brown polli- nose and densely white pilose, the four marginal bristles black. Metano- tum shining black, a large silvery white spot each side. Abdomen shining bluish-black, marked with light gray pollen as follows : A spot on sides of first segment, a transverse anterior and two posterior lateral 34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOG'ST: oblique spots on each remaining segment, the antertor spot obsolete on the last two segments, the posterior spots uniting with the gray lateral margin except on the second segment, each extending obliquely inward from the posterior angle of the segment and. reaching at least a third of the distance across the segment, those on the sixth segment united ; pile of dorsum very short, sparse, depressed, mostly light yellowish, that of the sides and venter longer and white. Pile of legs white, the bristles light yellow ; front and hind tibiz and their metatarsi densely bright yellow pubescent within; spur of front tibiz rather slender, middle tibie also furnished with a strong, nearly straight black spur at the tip within. Wings pure hyaline, the extreme apex gray, a large brown cloud on veins at bases ofthe first and second submarginal cell, of each pos- terior cell and of the discal cell; all posterior and the anal cell open, second submarginal cell destitute of a stump of a vein. Halteres black. Length, 11 mm. Ventura County, Cal. A single specimen, in April. Blacodes truycus,.sp., 3 @. Same as cristatus, described above, with these exceptions: Tibie, extreme apex of femora, and base of each joint of the tarsi, yellow. Pollen of front light gray, mystax very sparse, white; third joint of antenne almost linear, nearly four times as long as the second. Thorax destitute of a medium crest of pile, scutellum not densely pilose, bearing only two marginal bristles, metanotum uniformly gray pollinose, destitute of silvery spots. Pollen of abdomen, consisting of an anterior cross band on each segment, dilated each side so as to reach the posterior angle of the segment. Brown clouds on wings very faint ; base of second sub- marginal cell furnished with a long stump of a vein. Halteres yellow. Length, 9 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Two males and two females. Blacodes clausus,n. sp., ¢ @. Differs from ¢runcus only as follows: In the female the pollen on the abomen is much more extended, covering nearly the entire dorsum, but in the male it is confined to the anterior end and sides of each seg- ment, that on the sides being greatly dilated inward at the posterior corner of each segment. Base of second submarginal cell destitute of a stump of a vein ; anal cell closed and short petiolate ; brown clouds of wings obsolete or wanting. Length, 7 tog mm. Orange County, Cal, Three males and six females, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35 ON SOME INJURIOUS INSECTS OF TEXAS. BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. The following fragmentary contributions to a knowledge of a few of the destructive insects of this most interesting State are given here, not so much on account of their present individual value, as for the purpose of drawing attention to the riches in store for the entomological worker who may drift within its borders. In new countries travellers, in passing through, blaze or bark a tree here and there along the way to guide those who may follow after. These notes may be but blazes, but if they prove of aid to others in the future, they will have served their mission. The major portion of the material for this notice has been sent me from time to time by my friend, Prof. Geo. W. Curtis, of the A. & M. College, while others have been received from various other correspond- ents. To these I have occasionally added some of my own observations, when they seemed to augment the value of those made by others. NOTES Early in May I received a number of twigs of Fig, in which were burrowing numerous larve and adult beetles. Of these last there were Amphicerus bicaudatus, Say, Trogoxylon prrallelopipedum, Mels., and a single Sinoxylon basilare, Say. The Zrogoxylun have continued to appear throughout the summer up to date (Sept. 29), while one of the larvee of Sizoxy/on has only transformed to an adult within the last few days. As I saw adults on Mesquite, burrowing into the wood, in Llano County, in March,* it would appear that their season of appearance is somewhat protracted, especially as I have since reared them from this same lot of Fig twigs in May, June, August and September. In April, specimens of Blapstinus auripilis, Horn, were sent me from the vicinity of Galveston, where they were said to be destroying watermelon vines, the beetles being found in great numbers on the ground beneath the vines, while the plants withered and died. The beetles were alive when received, and, having no melon vines, I placed them on cucumber, which they refused, but ate the young plants of Polygonum which were growing among them. The accusation in regard to the destruction of melons, however, will need to be sustained by fur- ther observation, as they might have died from some bacterial or other disease, the beetles, though present, having nothing to do with the disease. Chinch bugs, BZissus leucopterus, Say, were reported abundant in the central southern portion of the State in April, but I have no information *Insect Life 3, 454. 56°, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of any sérious depredations later in the season. An attack on Alfalfa was reported, but, unfortunately, the cause of the trouble was lost in transit, and I can only suspect, from the nature of its work, that it was some species of lepidoptera, probably a Pyralid, though I hardly think it could be Eurycreon rantalis. The method of attack on Alfalfa resembles that of the Parsnip web-worm, Defressaria heracliana, De G., on parsnip, in that the terminal leaves and stems of the plant are drawn to- gether and held by a web, and within the enclosure thus, formed the caterpillar evidently lives, feeding from the tender growth, thereby dwarf- ing the plants. Prof. Townsend, of Las Cruces, New Mexico, writes me of reports of similar injury in that section of the country, but he has not yet been able to secure specimens of the depredator. Considerable injury to the Pecan was reported, and specimens of the depredator were sent with samples of the injured Pecans. But, again, the pests escaped, probably to the mail sack, that bourne from which no entomologist’s treasures ever return. The worms were reported as caus- ing the shuck enveloping the nut to mould and drop off the tree before they were full grown, thereby rendering them valueless. In Insect Life, vol. 4, p. 78, mention is made of a probabiy undescribed species of Phycitid, whose larve are said to attack the buds of Pecan in early spring. These were sent from the vicinity of Brownwood, Texas, June 17, while the specimens intended for me were collected with the injured nuts, September 14. Whether or not there is any connection between the two remains to be learned. The Angoumois Grain Moth, Svtotroga ( Gelechia) cerealella, Oliv., is an every year pest, both in the field and among stored grain. My old experiments, with heat, made ten years ago, and before the use of carbon bisulphide came into application in destroying grain -infesting insects, are less practical than is the use of this fluid drug. The same measure may be used against the Rice Weevil, Ca/andria oryze, which appears to be especially abundant among stored corn, and is, so far as my correspond- ence and personal observation goes, tue grain weevil of Texas. The Bag Worm or Basket Worm appears to be exceedingly numerous the present season in various portions of the State, and the same may be said of Southern Ohio. Of five sent me from Texas, August i1, and placed on trees in my yard, four soon clustered together and spun their fastenings to the same twig, while the fifth amused me by wandering about in a dissatisfied sort of way, and finally going off by itself to an adjacent limb, to which it immediately attached itself permanently. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 37 THE LARV/ OF THE CLISIOCAMP. BY HARRISON G DYAR, ROXEURY, MASS. As has been shown by Mr. R _H. Stretch, the North American species of Clisiocampa are best separated by larval characters, and this paper will deal chiefly with them. I refer to Mr. Stretch’s paper in volume I. of Papilio, which contains about all that has been known regarding the species. There are two pretty well defined groups. ‘The first contains C. disstria, C. erosa and C. thoracica, and the second the remaining species. The first are not nest-spinning species ; the larve rest in bunches on the trunk without covering. The second, with the possible exception of C. constricta, of which I have seen no nest, and of C. imcurva, the larva of which is unknown, are all nest-spinning. Their webs are formed in forks of the smaller branches or twigs, as in the well-known C. americana of the Atlantic States. The Eastern region, from the eastern slope of the Rockies to the Atlantic, has two species, one belonging to each group, namely, @sstria and americana. ‘The Pacific Northwest, from the Cascade Mountains to the Pacific, has also two, one to each group, viz., erosa and pluvialis; but the latter, which takes the place of americana, is not its representative, as evosa is of disstria. ‘The central arid region has but one species at present known to me, unless zvzcurva, described from Arizona, be found throughout the range of fragilis. C. fragilis is the only species not a tree feeder, and this habit has evidently been induced by the absence of deciduous trees in its habitat. California has four species, all endemic, unless it be that ¢horacica is the same as erosa of Oregon. Prof. Rivers’s description’ recalls evosa most vividly, but he makes no mention of the broad subdorsal blue band so distinct in the larva of erosa. §r. Group dsstria. CLISIOCAMPA DIsstria, Hubner. 1797---Smith & Abbot, Lep. Ins.,Ga., n. 117, tab. LIX. (as P. meustria.) 1816—Hiibner, Verz. Bck. Sechm., p. 192, No. 1975. 1889—Hy. Edw., Bull. 35, U. S. N. M. (26 references). sylvatica, Harris. 1841—Harris, R. Ins., 271. drupacearum, Boisduval. 1869—Boisd., Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., xll., 82, 38 {HE CANADIAN KN‘TTOMOLUCLSY. Larva.—Black, with ten elliptical white spots on the back, one on each segment, except at the extremities ; a sub-dorsal reddish line ; lateral area largely blue gray, becoming paler below. Food-plants.—Various forest trees, witch-hazel (Hamamelis), etc. Habitat.—The Eastern region, from the Mississippi valley to the Atlantic. ~j [The above description is from notes made several years ago, and is not sufficiently full. | CLISIOCAMPA EROSA, Stretch. 1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 67. 1883 Larva.—Head bluish-gray, with small black spots; hairy; labrum whitish. Body black,a row of white or orange-tinted dorsal spots,two on each segment, rounded, the posterior one the smaller, In the dorsal space are several supplementary, narrow, orange-red lines, sometimes partly filled in with blue. An orange-red subdorsal line narrowly separated by a black line from a broad blue band, minutely black dotted; a narrow black line ; a lat- eral orange-yellow line; below this blue-gray, with traces of a broken yellow- ish substigmatal line and one along the bases of the legs. Hair, thin dor- sally, faintly reddish ; short and dense from the subventral region, silky white with some dusky and reddish hairs intermixed. On joints 3, 4 and 12 the blue subdorsal band is broken by a quadrate black patch, and in- cised on the other segments. Stretch, Papilio, iii, 20 (as larva No. ii.) Food-plants.—Oak, alder, poplar, willow and fruit trees. Habitat.—The Pacific Northwest. CLISIOCAMPA THORACICA, Stretch. 1881.—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 68. 1889—Rivers, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. ii., vol. i, 105. Larva.—Prof. J. J. Rivers says :—‘ Body obscure brown ; dorsal ridge ornamented with a row of conspicuous ochre coloured spots, two spots on each segment, the one placed in front always much the larger; the spots are attended by numerous short waving lines of reddish brown, running longitudinally, and there is a subdorsal line of the same colour and a spiracular line of a much lighter shade, Its whole length, above the feet, is occupied with numerous tufts of grayish hairs.” Lood-plants.— Willow and fruit trees. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 59 ffabitat.—San Mateo Co., (Stretch); Berkeley, Cal. (Rivers). If Prof. Rivers’s determination of the moth is correct, and I see no reason to doubt it, then the name may have to fall as a synonym of C. evosa; for ’ the larva is so much the same that there does not seem to be anything in the description to separate it by, unless the subdorsal blue band be really absent. §2. Group americana. CLISIOCAMPA AMERICANA, Harris. 1797—Smith & Abbot, Lep. Ins., Ga., n. 119, tab. LX: (as P castrensis. ) 1841—Harris, Cat Ins., Mass., 72. 1889—Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35, U. S. Nat. Mus., 77. (32 references. » decipiens, Walker. 1855—Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., vi., 1488. SJrutetorum, Boisduval. 1869—Boisd., Ann. Eni. Soc., Belg., xii., 82. Larva.—Head black, pilose, a few long black hairs ; bases of antenne and labrum white. Body black with a narrow white dorsal line on joints 3-12, fainter posteriorly and speckled with black. An orange coloured subdorsal band, rather irregular and a little mottled with black. Below this a subdorsal row of blue dots, two on each segment, elongate, the anterior one longitudinal, the posterior transverse. Above and below them is an interrupted orange-tinted line, and below this the lateral area is mottled with pale blue, becoming brownish in the subventral space. Hair reddish brown, most abundant subventrally. Food-plants.—Wild cherry and fruit trees. Hlabitat.—Florida to Canada: west to the Mississippi Valley. CLISIOCAMPA CONSTRICTA, Stretch. 1874—Hy. Edwards, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v., 368. 1881—Stretch, Papilio, i., 66. strigosa, Stretch. 1881—Stretch, Papilio, i., 67. 1892—Dyar, Psyche, vi., 326, pr. svn. Larva.—Head powdery blue, with black mottlings ; mouth black, lower part of clypeus white ; antenne white ringed. Body black, densely 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. covered with powdery biue over the whole lateral region up to and including the subdorsal blue dots, and leaving only a few black mottlings and a subquadrate black patch on each segment laterally, bordered below by an orange dash. Below the spiracles, the blue becomes nearly white, and anteriorly on the segments tufts of silky white hair grow from the skin. ‘Traces of a subventral orange shade. Dorsum black without a dorsal line, the usual pair of orange subdorsal lines narrow and irregu- © lar, heavier at the posterior part of each segment. Considerable con- spicuous orange tinted hair grows on the back. food-plant.—Oak ( Quercus Kelloggiz). FHlabitat.—The more hilly parts of California. CLISIOCAMPA AMBISIMILIS, 70v. Sp. Larva.—Head pale blue, with numerous black spots especially at the vertex ; labrum and basal joints of antennz yellowish-white ; many white hairs. Body black, largely mottled with pale blue-gray at the sides and a series of subdorsal blue dots, two on each segment, the posterior one of which is produced downward into a transverse dash reaching the lateral blue region. A dorsal bluish-white line, much broken, but irregularly so ; in some specimens it is continuous from joint 3 posteriorly, in others widely broken in the segmental incisures or entirely absent. A subdorsal series of waved, broken, orange lines, triple or quadruple on the posterior part of each segment, single anteriorly. A paler broken lateral line just above the blue area. Hair quite dense, keeled slightly dorsally and tufted laterally, red on the back, but silky white on the sides, as in C. coustricta. food-plants.—Fruit trees. FHfabitat.—Santa Cruz Co., California. This species occurred to me abundantly on fruit trees at Watsonville, Cal., but the native food-plant was not determined. The larve are closely related to C. constricta, differing in the presence of the dorsal line (though this is not constant) and in the greater restriction of the lateral blue area, which does not extend up to and enclose the subdorsal dots, as it does in C. constricta. The moths are very different. The ¢ is rusty brown, with two pale lines, the @ pale brown, with two darker lines. My specimens are too poor to enable me to give characters to separate the moths from C. californica, which they much resemble ; but the larve are abundantly distinct. Besides the marked difference in markings, the contrast in the colour of the lateral hairs of the two species is striking. Dr. Packard has THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘ 41 probably confounded this species, as well as C. fragilis, with C. califor- nica in the 5th report of the U.S. entomological commission. CLISIOCAMPA CALIFORNICA, Packard. 1864—Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., it., 387. 1877— Packard, Inj. Ins. West, 807. 1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 64. 18go—Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 120. pseudoneustria Boisduval. 1869—Boisd., Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., xii., 82. Larva.—Head black, very hairy except where the occelli are, some- times tinged with powdery blue in front; labrum whitish. Body entirely black, except the tips of the abdominal feet, which are pale, covered with long, fulvous hair, quite thick, especially dorsally, where it is keeled, and laterally, where it is tufted anteriorly on the segments. Almost entirely without marks; some have an irregular red _ sub- dorsal line, interrupted between the segments and narrowly cen- trally on each segment, mottled with the ground colour; while all have a series of subdorsal smali blue dots below the red line, only one on each segment, and sometimes a lateral series of red dashes. In some even the blue dots are obscure and wanting on the central segments. Food-plants.—Oaks ( Quercus agrifolia and Q. lobata). ffabitat.—The coast region of California. Dr. Packard has confounded C. fragilis with this species, if not others also, and consequently gives it a habitat much too extended. C. fragilis is abundantly distinct from C. californica in the larva, and, though the g moth is very similar, the @ shows good specific differences. CLISIOCAMPA FRAGILIS, Stretch. 1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 64. 1888—Hy. Edw., Ent. Amer., iv., 62. 1890—Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 120 (as C. californica.) Larva.—Head blue gray, dotted with black, mouth and ends of antenne black, labrum and bases of antenne sordid white. Body with the ground colour black, a broad pale blue dorsal band, broken at the seg- mental incisures and narrowed a little at both ends of each segment, absent on joints 2 and 13. Orange subdorsal marks much reduced, scarcely noticeable, consisting of from one to three narrowly linear, waved and broken streaks. Subdorsal blue dots, two on each segment, very large, subquadrate, either separate or confluent on their upper sides, 42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. or also confluent with the lateral blue-gray area, but always leaving a row of black patches, one in the middle of each segment. A {aint, lateral, pale orange or whitish line, broken and bordering the black patches below. Below this line to the legs, blue-gray, mottled with black, with traces of a whitish substigmatal line and one along the bases of the legs. Venter black, immaculate. Thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones pinkish at tips. Hair moderately abundant, faintly reddish tinged on the back, white on the sides, but rather thin and not tufted. Food-plants.—Wild gooseberry (Ribes) and rose (Rosa.) fabitat.—Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and probably all the arid region from the eastern slope of the Rockies to the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains. CLISIOCAMPA PLUVIALIS, 70v. sp. 1883—Stretch, Papilio, iii , 20 (as larva No. 1). Larva.—Head hairy, bluish-gray, spotted with black, the spots segre- gating on the vertex, or covering nearly the whole head; labrum and bases of antenne yellowish white. Body black, a pale blue dorsal line, divided between the segments, obsolete at the extremities, and forming 9 rather narrow, elongate, blue spots tapering at their ends, exactly as in C. fragilis. A subdorsal row of blue dots, two on each segment, the anterior one the smaller, and not reaching quite so far down. Between these is an orange band, starting in a small spot on the anterior part of each segment and either broken or connected with a broad triangular widening of the band on the posterior part. A distinct, broad, but rather irregular, pale orange, lateral band, narrowly broken here and there, and containing a few black dots. Below this, a slight suffusion of blue, mot- tled with black, and a diffuse and mottled pale orange substigmatal band, besides another along the bases of the legs. Below, black, with a double diffuse and mottled bluish band, or the venter all mottled with bluish white. The subdorsal orange band is very conspicuous, It may extend from near the dorsal line-to below and behind the subdorsal blue spots and also in front of them, but is usually less on the anterior part of the segments and always retracted centrally. Its dorsal edge is well defined, a little curved on each segment, following the outline of the pieces of the dorsal band, but always separated from them by a black space, though it sometimes nearly surrounds them by connecting over the dorsum with the bind on the other side, posteriorly on the segments. In some examples the region below the subdorsal band to the venter is largely overspread THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 with orange, mottled with the ground color, most heavily just below the subdorsal band. Hair not thick, reddish, both on the back and sides. Food-plants.— Alder (Alnus), apple, ete. Habitat.—The Pacific Northwest, from the Cascade range to the sea. Found abundantly at Seattle, Washington, and rarely at Portland, Oregon. The moths do not differ from Stretch’s description of C. fragi/is, except that in the ¢ there is no broad, brown band on the forewings, but a diffuse shade outward from the inner dark line ; in some specimens also bordering the undulated pale outer line. A larger series of specimens than I possess will probably show further differences, though the species is closely related to C. fragilis. CLISIOCAMPA INCURVA, Hy. Edwards. 1882—Hy. Edw., Papilio, 11., 125. The larva of this species is unknown. I have examined the moths in the collection of Mr. B. Neumoegen,and they seem closely allied to C. fragilis. They differ from any other species of this group in that both sexes are pale. The male is suffused with brown on the forewings, the lines pale, bordered inside with brown, so that in pale specimens the lines look brown. ‘The female is the same, but browner, so that the lines are always pale, the outer waved, the inner sometimes rather faint, so that its brown edge is the more distinct. In both, the brown is deeper between the lines than outside them. I am not inclined to give much weight to the character from which the species was named. CVisiocampa, like Daitana, cannot be separated by the position or shape of lines, but by the difference in the relative coloration of similar markings. In C7isio- campa, both sexes are needed for a determination. The following table will separate the larvee here described. C. cucurva, only, is unknown. $x. A dorsal row of rounded spots. One spot on each segment, : - - @isstria, Hbn. Two spots on each segment. A broad, distinct, subdorsal blue band. - — erosa, Str. No distinct subdorsal band ? - - thorucica, Str. §2. A dorsal line, continuous, broken or absent. A continuous, narrow white line, - americana, Harr. Dorsal line, if present, not white ; often absent. Line irregularly broken or absent. Lateral region heavily blue shaded, 44 THE CANADIAN ENSCMOLOGIST. Blue inclosing the subdorsal dots, constricta, Str. Blue not reaching the dots, ambdisimilis, Dyar. Lateral region with no blue shade, ca/ifornica, Pack. Line forming a row of elliptical blue spots. 3 A slight subdorsal orange band, - fragilis, Str. A heavy orange band, - - pluviatis, Dyar. ASTATUS BICOLOR, SAY. BY WILLIAM J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA. In reply to Mr. Charles A. Hart, who has shown, in the last number of this journal], that in his opinion I am in error regarding the identifica- tion of Astatus bicolor, Say, I would say that the stigma of the ¢ only is ‘‘yellowish-rufous”’, while that of the 2 varies from reddish-black to deep black. If he will again consult my synopsis of the genus Astatus he will find that I used the words “stigma of wings black” in separating those of the female sex. In regard to my new species, A. pygidialis, which Mr. Hart suggests may be an extreme variety of Jd/color, it differs not only in the slight characters mentioned by him, but also in the shorter and triangular pygidium, and the more feeble armature of the legs; the scutellum is not furrowec down the middle, and the insect itself is much smailer. Although it m7gh¢t prove to be but a variety of dzcolor, never- theless a series of nineteen specimens of that species and three of pygidialis show no intergradation, and therefore I think I was justified in describing it as new. I would rearrange the synonymy suggested by Mr. Hart as follows : ASTATUS BICOLOR, Say. A. bicolor, Say. Lec. Edition, I., p. 166, 9 ¢. A. rupjiuentris, Cress. Tr AmyEnt,Socs hy yp.c2de, 26 A. terminata, Cress. ibid., p. 218, 2. A. PYGIDIALIS, Fox. A. pygidialts, Fox. Can. 'Ent., XXIV., p. 234, 9. A. bicolor, Hart, (not Say). ibid., XXV., p. 27. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 NOTE UPON THE REVISION OF THE GENUS CUCULLIA. BY AUG. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. The ‘‘ Revision of the Genus Cucullia,” by Prof. Smith, in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV., pp. 33, ¢¢. seg., raises the number of described North Ameri- can species to 14, and is an interesting addition to the knowledge of our Noctuide. Larger collections from the west have come to hand since my study of the species and have admitted of fuller comparisons. Although the species of Cucud/ia are not among the commonest Owlet Moths and seem to fall less easily a prey to the collector’s efforts than those of many other genera, still we may conclude that the above figures give, at least approximately, the N. American representation of the genus. In a com- parison of the faunz of Europe and North America* I have sought one distinction in the smaller representation of the Hooded Owlets in America. Whereas in other leading genera, such as Apate/a ( Acronycta), Hadena, Mamestra, Agrotis, Oncocnemis, Lithophane, Plusia, Catocala, the North American species are much the more numerous ; in Cucud/ia the proportion is reversed, and we have only 14 American to 43 European species of the genus. Of a truth we seem to have only 12 species which represent structurally the European forms. Two of our species (distriga and serzaticornis) I have no doubt (from figures and descriptions, as well as my own observations upon the Californian form) will come to be separated generically, or at least subgenerically, from the rest. There appear to be no analogues to these two species in the European fauna. It is noteworthy that our North American species belong, in the main, to the groups represented in Europe by Alattarie, Asteris and umbratica. No North American representative of the group of Scoparie appears to be known, and, in particular, the silvery group containing avgentea is wanting _ with us. Our western plains have this in common with the Russian steppes that they produce He/zothini in abundance, and when the descrip- tion of Cucullia duna, Morrison, appeared, I was induced to believe that we had also found an American silvery species of Cucu//ia, allied to argentina from Asirachan or sp/endida from the Ural and Altai. But it now appears that this species of Mr. Morrison’s is my Lpinyctis notatella, a genus referred by me originally to the white Heliothians, among such forms as /ippona and Antaplaga, and where, from its structure, I believe still it most naturally belongs. At nearly the same time the moth was *See Grote : “Die Verwandtschaft,” etc., Verh. Gesell. Deutsch. Naturf., 2tex Theil, pp. 148-154, Leipzig. 1890. 46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. published by Prof. Smith as a new genus, but “closely allied to Cucullia,” under the name of Vyctopheata. These facts, which are of interest in a comparison of opinions upon one and the same Noctuid, are obscured by Prof. Smith’s brief statement that ‘‘ the species described as Zuna by Mr. Morrison is an Heliothid”, l.c. p. 37. According to Smith, Bull. Br. Ent. Soc. 45, it ‘‘ should stand between C/leophana and Cucullia”. If, then, we really possess a silvery Cucu//a, it has yet to be discovered. Such a form must be looked for in the west, in the States and Territories adjoining the Rocky Mountains, and, probably, on the eastern side of the range. But not improbably such forms, so much prized by European collectors, are entirely wanting in our fauna; while, although breeding and more extended research may turn up new species, it may be concluded that we shall finally remain much behind Europe in the total number of our native species of Cucud/ia. This fact is important in a study of geographical distribution. We know too little as yet to generalize upon its probable cause. The species of Cucud/7a run often closely together and are also confined, it would sometimes appear, to single kinds of food plants. I content myself here with calling attention to the circumstance. Upon the following species I would make some notes in reference to Prof. Smith’s remarks :— Cucullia convexipennis, G. & R. No mention, or I have overlooked it, is made in the Revision of the somewhat peculiar shape of the wings, to which this species owes its specific name. I should have been glad had I been able to note that our observations in this respect had been verified. On the whole, this seems our most striking species yet discovered. Cucullia florea, Guen. The specimen of this species, referred to on page 45 of the Revision as “from Dr. Lintner”, was given by me, with the above determination, to Dr. Lintner when he was studying that genus, as also the types of serraticornis. This unique specimen, which I had determined as /orea, agreed fairly with Guenée’s figure and description, and Dr. Lintner had not recognized the species elsewhere when I gave it to him from my collection. The specimen was, I believe, from New York State, but I had lost the exact locality. I believed that I had collected it myself at a time when my attention was not especially directed to the genus. Afterwards, finding the specimen in my duplicate boxes, I determined the same with- | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 out being certain of its origin. ‘This species, from its grayer colour, is readily distinguished from fostera or asterotdes (2. e. star-like ?, a queer title for the moth; the Latin name was probably meant to refer to the European Asferis or to the botanical genus Aster, a food plant for some of the species) and must be quite uncommon. I never saw a second example. Cucullia letifica, Lint., in Grote Check List (1875). In describing the type of céta, from Arizona, I had no longer speci- mens of /efzfica, from Texas, for comparison. The discovery of montane, Grote, had led me to expect new western forms of the genus, and in the present instance the sexual difference in general colour assisted my mis- take. I have no doubt that the reference in the Revision is correct, and that the Texan species extends its range to Arizona. I do not know Prof. French’s species, also referred here. With regard to Cucudlia solidaginis, Behr., in Strecker, if my memory serves, I had a note upon it to the effect that it did not belong to this genus. If so, we have as yet no typical species of Cucud/ia known from California or west of the Rocky Mountain range. I must concur with Mr. Smith’s remarks upon the descriptions of Behr. in Strecker. In my opinion the Cucud/ini form a tribe of the JVoctuine, sufficiently characterized by comparative characters. These consist in the elongate wings, the tapering abdomen, the fine and smooth vestiture, the hooded collar, the pencilled anal tuft, the short and unarmed legs, naked and lashed eyes. The European species have, in the group of Scrophudaria, the fringes of primaries dentate. The rest, with the American forms, seem to have them even. The usually smooth larve are very distinctly marked, but are not easily distinguished upon the food-plant. In habit and character they resemble He/iothis somewhat. The flower of a purple double aster I had here, blooming in a pot on my window-sill, contained the coiled and partially hidden full-grown larva of one of the European species, which I did not discover for some days. The pupation is effect- ed in the ground in a dense cocoon mixed with earth, the moth appearing in the spring. The larve, when disturbed, often make a jerking motion, reminding me of that of the Hawk Moth, Zhyreus Abbotii. It must indeed be said that the moths are not without some resemblance to the Charocampine. 48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. In my Revised Check List of 1890, I have given eleven species of Cucullia. The list must now be changed to include the following four- teen apparently valid names : I. convexipennis, G. & R. 8. letifica, Lintn. 2. montane, Grofe. 9. Speyeri, Zzntn. 3. similaris, Syzth. ro. dorsalis, Swzth. 4. obscurior, Smith. II. intermedia, Speyer. 5. asteroides, Gwen. 12. cinderella, Smzth. 6. postera, Gwe. 13. bistriga, Sth. 7. florea, Guen. 14. serraticornis, Zz/7. A TRYPETID BRED FROM GALLS ON BIGELOVIA. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. A round, white, woolly gall was found on stems of Bigelovia (sp. probably graveolens) in several localities in western New Mexico the past summer, from June 19 to 22. Those found June 19 were old galls, and were met with near Luera Spring, in Socorro county. On June 21 the fresh galls were found in numbers near Gallo Spring. Sometimes two or three were found near each other on the same stem or twig of the plant, and in one case three galls were found joined together, forming a triple gall. On June 22 they were found extremely common west of Apache Spring, thus seeming to increase in number in a westerly direction, as did also the patches of Bigelovia, every plant of which was full of them. The last two localities are on the Pacific slope of the Continental Divide, the first locality (Luera Spr.) being to the east of the divide about 4o miles. Many of the galls found June 22 were opened at the time and dis- closed several hymenopterous pupe which were at first taken for the gall- maker. Some also contained a small white larva, probably belonging to the hymenopteron. Most of the galls, however, contained puparia which were taken for those of a tachinid, but which were in reality the puparia of a trypetid and the original gall-maker. None of the puparia were noticed to contain the fly, and numerous galls that were picked and kept in pill boxes for several months developed no trypetids. It was later found, however, that two of the puparia extracted from the galls at this date and placed in alcohol contained the pupa within. The credit for the breeding of the fly is due to Professor C. P. Gillette, who sent me speci- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOZLOGIST. 49 mens of the fly and gall. Several flies were bred by him from galls which he collected at Dolores, Colo., June 18, the flies issuing June 19. The following is a description of the gall made by Professor Gillette at the time :— Galls sub-globular in form, varying from 1% to % inch in diameter, and borne singly along the side of the stems of Bigelovia. They are very light in colour, being densely covered with a short white woolly hair. Beneath this fuzz the substance of the gall is greenish in colour and quite brittle. At the centre of each gall is a single larval cell containing, at this date, the puparium of some fly. From the larval cell a burrow leads to the woolly outer covering, which it never penetrates, and it cannot be seen from the outside. The galls are very common. I have little to add to this description. The galls which I collected measure (dried) from 8 to 11 mm.. in diameter, the average being about g mm. The wool is extremely fine in texture. As before stated, they were often approximated to each other on the same stem. Their form seems to indicate more or less plainly a bud-like growth, and they very often show the opening of the larval burrow on the outside. I have referred this trypetid to the sub-genus Zuvrosta, Loew, because it seems to come nearest to this group of species, though it does not en- tirely fit the characterization. The fifth vein is not bristly, scutellum has only two bristles ; the front is what I should call very broad, perhaps not ' “remarkably” so; the third antennal joint is short, but the ovipositor seems to be somewhat flattened instead of conical. The following is a description of the species :— Eurosta (Trypeta) digelovie, n. sp. @. Wings do not resemble any figured by Loew in monographs ; they are very pale at base, rest blackish fuscous, except the white reticulations, and a. slightly flavous portion near centre, and a little approximated to costa, being situated in basal portion of submarginal, distal portion of first basal and proximal portion of apical cells ; a white spot on costal mar- gin before and just reaching the costal spine, before this an elongate transverse white spot extending from costa back to posterior (second) basal cell, and bordering on the pale basal portion of wing ; on costa in marginal cell two white spots, the inner one just beyond and at extremity of first longitudinal vein, the outer one more elongate transversely and 50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. extending nearly across. submarginal cell, the inner one wholly in mar- ginal cell ; marginal cell more or less pale, at least on costal portion ; submarginal cell with a longitudinally elongate, slightly cresentic pale area in its apical portion ; an elliptical, longitudinal white spot in first (anterior) basal cell at its distal two-thirds just the width of cell; a round white spot nearly in middle of widened distal portion of discal cell, a little approximated to anterior border of cell ; a transversely oblique, somewhat elongated white spot in apical cell on its distal two-thirds, but little sepa- rated at its posterior end from a similar spot in distal. portion of second posterior cell, which, however, reaches hind margin, where it slightly widens, these two spots having the same oblique direction pointing out- ward toward the hind margin of the wing ; a large inverted V-shaped white spot nearly in middle of second posterior cell, a little nearer base, slightly bulged on its inner (toward base of wing) margin, and its prongs reaching hind border of wing ; two smaller, quite widely separated white spots bordering on hind margin in distal portion of third posterior cell, the outer one touching fifth longitudinal vein near its extremity ; a large, white spot a little before middle of third pos terior cell, extending from anterior border of cell back through fourth posterior cell to hind margin of wing; a small, rather tri- angular white spot in extreme basal portion of third posterior cell and nearly behind the elongate marking above referred to as bordering on the pale basal portion of the wing ; anal angle broadly white, extending into the anal cell, and joining the pale basal portion ; wing veins at base, in- cluding the costal vein where it borders the white spots, pale yellowish ; halteres pale yellowish. Head, including front, frontal bristles, face, antennee, cheeks, pro- boscis, and palpi, pale yellowish, arista slightly darker apically and bare ; occiput darker on upper central portion ; eyes blackish (are probably green in life) ; second and third antennal joints of nearly equal length, palpi enlarged apically and tips reaching to tip of proboscis ; front nar- rowed anteriorly, on vertex more than one-half width of head ; front set on ocellar area ; anterior portion of orbital margins and vertex with short pale yellowish bristles, including a row on each side descending obliquely inward from vertical angles, meeting in centre and forming a V, also with a pair of long, nearly erect bristles on vertical margin, and three shorter, sub-appressed, inwardly directed pairs on anterior orbital margins. Thorax blackish, dorsum and pleurz, including scutellum, thickly set with short, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51 pale yellowish bristles, some long yellowish bristles on pleure and pos- terior dorsum of thorax, and a long pair arising from sides of scutellum ; scutellum blackish at base, pale yellowish on margin and apex. Abdo- men rufous or dark fulvous, anal segment black, ovipositor rufous. Legs entirely pale yellowish. Length of body (incl. ovipos.), 5 mm. ; of wing, nearly 4% mm. Described from one specimen bred by Professor C. P. Gillette from galls collected at Dolores, Colo., June 18. Issued June ro. An imperfectly-hardened ¢?, which I collected in Johnson’s Basin, in Western Socorro county, N. M., June 23, differs in the lighter abdo- men, rufous anal segment; the more grayish short bristles of thorax, and darker long bristles of thorax and scutellum ; in the oblique white mark- ing of apical cell being united with the distal one of second posterior cell ; and by the large inverted V-shaped marking of second posterior cell being represented by an oblique elongate marking parallel to the pre- ceding, and a short marking inside it, both bordering on the hind margin of wing. It will need more material to establish the distinctness of this specimen. Puparium of £. dzgedoviw, containing pupa: Length, 4 mm.; greatest width, 2144 to 2 2-5 mm. Stouter posteriorly, rufous on posterior portion and brownish anteriorly, eyes and wings of pupa showing beneath pupari- um as black spots. Puparium showing twelve segments, counting anal and capital plates. Mouth parts of larva showing in centre of capital plate at anterior end of puparium as a very small, central, raised circle, with usually eight primary radiating ridges, their length less than twice the diameter of the circle, these ridges longitudinally and often deeply fluted, giving appearance of smaller, more numerous ridges ; a pair of circles exactly similar to the central circle placed on. outer margin of the area of radiating ridges, a little dorsally of the central one, and with it forming the three corners of a triangle ; from the central circle there ex- tends ventrally a linear, elongate, forked black body seen beneath the in- tegument of the puparium. Anal stigmata showing in centre of ana- plate as a pair of small blackish spots, each bearing three principal black tubercles arranged in a slightly crescentic form with the convexity ventral, and a smaller black tubercle in concavity of each crescent, one or more other still smaller ones sometimes apparent ; a small, depressed median 52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. orifice slightly dorsal to the pair of stigmata, and a third less distinct median stigma considerably removed ventrally from the pair. Described from two alcoholic puparia taken from galls collected near Apache Spring, June 22, and containing pupe. The hymenopterous larve and pupz which I found in the galls, June 22, and which are undoubtedly those of a parasite of the trypetid, con- sisted of two small larve, and a ¢ and 2 pupa, the latter at once dis- tinguished by the long ovipositor curved forward over her back. ‘This parasite seems nearly to equal its host in size. The larvee, in their partially curled position, measure 24% to 3 mm. long, and fully 2 mm. wide ; tapered suddenly toward head and quite so toward anal extremity ; whitish, very pale dilute yellowish after immersion for some months in alcohol, mouth parts blackish. @ pupa, 4 mm. long, 114 mm. wide ; ovipositor curled forward over back, reaching tip of scutellum; after immersion in alcohol pale fulvous, abdomen at base and eyes blackish. Ovipositor, in its curled position, measures nearly 3 mm. g pupa, 3 mm. long, scarcely 1 mm. wide; pale fulvous, eyes black. It should also be mentioned that there was bred from the galls collected near Gallo Springs, June 21, a very small weevil less than 3 mm. in length, perhaps an inquiline in the galls. The galls were left attached to very short pieces of the stems, but it is not likely that the weevil came from the stems, which are very small. Moreover a careful examination of the stems with a lens shows no exit hole whatever in them. Nore.—Since writing the above, I have found that Mr. Theo. D, A. Cockerell records, on page 106 of West American Scientist, vol. 6 (Sept., 1889), the breeding of a cecidomyiid ‘‘ from woolly trypetid galls on Bzgelovéa.” Mr. Cockerell has also sent me a small gall of this species, with the following note: ‘‘Gall of Zxyfeta bigelovie, Ckll., Ent. Mo. Mag, 1890, West Cliff, Col.” I have not seen Mr. Cockerell’s mention of this species in the Ent. Mo. Mag , and do not know whether he described the fly or only the gall. At all events the discovery of the trypetid nature of the gall belongs to him. When I named the trypetid as above, I did not know that the same name had been proposed for the same insect by Mr, Cockerell. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53 THE MEMBRACID OF ST. VINCENT ISLAND, W. I. BY F. W. GODING, M. D., PH. D, RUTLAND, ILL. The material forming the basis of this paper was sent to me last October by Prof. C. V. Riley for determination. The species were collected by H. H. Smith in St. Vincent, West Indies, and are among the most interesting forms of this remarkable family. Subfamily CENTROTINA, Stal. I. Monobelus fasciatus, Fabr. ¢. One example in National Museum. Subfamily SMILIINé, Stal. 2. Acutalis trifurcata, 0. sp. 9. Head greenish-yellow, with an oval spot in the middle (in which are the ocelli), and a curved black line around the apex ; prothorax shining greenish-yellow, a broad line ending just before the apex, at its middle sending toward the front a line, on each side, which does not reach a line through lateral angles, these lines together resembling a three-tined fork ; median line behind this fork much broader ; at base of median line a bread line branches from each side backward and out- ward in the form of an arrow-head; base of prothorax very narrowly shining black ; tegmina very pale yellow, veins indistinct ; chest, femora, tibiz and tarsi dark brown. Length, 3 mm.; width, 144 mm. Described from one female ; type in National Museum. This species is near ///inozensis, Godg. 3. Acutalis apicalis, Nn. sp. g¢. Shining black, with a submarginal yellow line on each side, originating at the apex of head it extends posteriorly nearly to apex of prothorax, where it converges towards the line on the opposite side, but they do nct come together ; apex bright yellow; lateral angles of pro- thorax produced in small tubercles ; tegmina light yellow, veins darker Legs light brown, tarsi annulate with brown. Length, 3 mm.; width, 14% mm. Described from one male ; type in National Museum. This species is near faviventris, Leth. It may prove to be the f of trifurcata, Godg. Subfamily MEMBRACIN4&, Stal. 4. Sphongophorus (Lobocladisca) vexillifera, n. sp. Sex (?) Dark brown fuscous ; very densely and coarsely punctured. Head vertical, nearly quadrangular, a little longer than the width between 54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. eyes ; eyes small, brown; ccelli on a line with superior edge of eyes, to which they approach nearer than to each other. Prothorax in front convex, armed with a long, slender, nearly upright compressed horn, leaning slightly forward, seen from side, slightly sinuous and armed near middle of posterior edge with a small tooth ; seen from front, thinly com- pressed, and at apex bidentate, the small teeth divaricate ; behind anterior horn near middle of posterior process is a medium sized, compressed, rounded lobe, which, when seen from side, resembles the helmet of a huzzar, the top of which has a sharp, slender, needle-like spine pointing upward ; behind the base of this lobe the posterior process extends backward in a low, small, triangular process, placed vertically, with a slender spine extending posteriorly from the base. Lateral angles very prominent ; front margin arched to receive the head, the sides of prothorax extending downward in ear-shaped lobules behind the eyes. Elytra ferruginous, with a large black spot across the middle. All the tibiz very widely dilated and thin. Length, 6 mm ; totip of tegmina, 7 mm.; breadth, 314 mm.; altitude, 6 mm. Described from one example, the sex of which could not be deter- mined without mutilating it. Type in National Museum. This is nearest to rigidus, Stal. It belongs to Stal’s subgenus Logo- CLADISCA, which with its related subgenera are characterized as follows :— [PHORUS, Fairm. Posterior prothoracic process unarmed at the middle...... Subg. SPHONGO- Posterior prothoracic process armed at or near middle with a process. Anterior horn undate, lengthily curved backward, posterior or inferior edge: Umarmete...0-...-. se. < eat eeraneee atc CLADONOTA, Stal. Anterior horn substraight, not curving behind lobe of posterior process, posterior or inferior edge armed with a tooth or iobe Oe ale Siete Malate Oe TESST aay atcretateINcS OES ele tise vee geass,» LOBOCEADISCAY Stal. 5. Sphongophorus ( Cladonota ) albofasciata, N. sp. ¢. Blackish-brown, coarsely and roughly punctured, tuberculate. Head longer than wide, inferior edge 3-lobed ; ocelli ona line with superior edge of eyes, red, nearer to eyes than to each other, and near base of prothorax. Prothorax highly convex, armed anteriorly with a horn which at first extends upwards, strong and stout; from posterior superior angle it extends, slender and thread-like, posteriorly upward and backward for another third, then it suddenly enlarges in a nearly quadrangular, com- Dr THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. pressed, foliaceous lobe, having a tooth extending posteriorly ; this lobe is compressed in centre with a diamond-shaped outline at the posterior edge ; about the middle of the posterior process is a cylindrical upright horn, constricted on sides at middle, the upper part produced anteriorly and receives the foliole of the anterior horn which rests upon it ; behind this horn the posterior process is slightly enlarged towards apex, where it is truncated diagonally downward and backward. Elytra light brown ferruginous, with a white band extending across the middle. Tibiz all all widely dilated. Length, 5 mm.; altitude, 344 mm. Described from one male. Type in National Museum. 6. Bolbonota ( Tubercunota) bishinifera, n. sp. gf. Black, covered with auriferous pubescence finely tuberculated. Head longer than wide, sides of face dilated ; ocelli on a line with eyes and near base of prothorax, nearer eves than each other. Prothorax highly convex anteriorly, behind elevated portion strongly declivous ; at upper edge of declivity is a short, cylindrical spine pointing upward and backward, and between this and apex of posterior process is a larger transverse spine pointing directly upward ; lateral angles produced in tubercles, above which are two little elevated lines on each side, the superior one reaching middle of inferior border of prothorax, diverging posteriorly, the surface between these and median carina smooth. Tegmina with basal portion black, remainder hyaline, veins black. Anterior pair of legs dilated, middle and posterior pairs triquetrous, with strong spines, dark brown. Length, 144 mm.; breadth, 1 mm. Described from one male. Type in National Museum. It is near Aztuberculata, Stal., and inegualis, Fabr., and belongs to the subgenus TuBEercunora, Godg., which with its relative may be dis- tinguished by the following table :— Posterior process of prothorax behind middle furnished with a high transverse tubercle or spine, more or less compressed antero- posteriorly ; anterior part strongly and gradually elevated up to TON Oe Snore gi a Subgenus TuBEeRcuNotTaA, Godg. Posterior process from apex, seen from side, depressed, in front of depressed part dorsum straight or lightly uni- or bi-sinuate me shel aye. ri by eon ie cue’ .... subgenus Botponora, A. & S. (Tyies rabid Germ., aureo-sericea, Stal.) 56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The type of the subgenus TuBeRcunorTA, Godg., is dispinifera, Godg.,. which is the smallest known member of the genus. 7. Enchophyllum ( Tropidocera) Riley, n. sp. g and @. Head black ; prothorax beautiful orange-red, the anterior norn and a stripe passing downward from it, on each side, forks, one branch in front and one behind lateral angles, the front branch extending to eye, the hind one spreading out for a little distance along inferior border, in some examples, all the way to apex, black. Tegmina opaque brown- black, veins distinct. Legs black, front and middle tibiz dilated, posterior tibiz triquetrous and spined. Length to tip, of tegmina, 6 mm., including anterior horn, 10 mm.; altitude, 3 mm. It belongs to Stal’s subgenus TROPIDOCERA near guingue-maculatum, Fm. I take pleasure in dedicating this, the most beautiful member of the genus, to my esteemed friend, Dr. C, V. Riley, who kindly presented me with the types and who has aided in many ways my studies of this difficult group. Types in collection of F. W. G., and National Museum. Described from five examples. A STATEMENT IN CORRECTION. BY AUG. R. GROTE, A. M. In that most useful paper, the “ Directions for Collecting and Preserv- ing Insects,” by Dr. C. V. Riley, Washington, 1892, occurs the statement, on page 137, that the periodical, the North American Entomologist, was “published by the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences.” The fact is that the little monthly, which only reached its first volume, was edited by myself, and printed and published by Reinecke & Zesch, a Buffalo printing house. The material was written or collected together by myself, and the few plates, mostly contributed by the authors, were gotten up at my sole trouble, and even expense. I cor- rected the proofs and had sole charge of the periodical, which was intended to include short articles and reviews of current literature upon its subject. The subscriptions, advertisements and what profit resulted upon the undertaking went entirely into the pockets of the printers, who, on my suggestion, undertook the outlay for printing and paper. I received no consideration whatever for my work. The Buffalo Society had nothing, in any shape or manner, to do with the matter. My name is upon the title page and not that of the Society, nor can I find that the Society’s name has been ever previously brought forward in con- nection with my little venture. I am entirely at a loss to account for Dr. Riley’s statement, which misrepresents my entomological labours in this particular. Mailed February 4th. The Canadian Hntomologist VOL. XXV. LONDON, MARCH, 18093. No. 3. CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA,.—No. 3. BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA. In my last paper (see page 32) I unfortunately repeated the error made by Provancher in giving Vancouver as the habitat of Acthrus Pro- vanchert. I overlooked its correction (Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, page 160) by Mr. Brodie, who obtained the insect from Muskoka. Having recently restudied and rearranged my Ottawa collections of Phyllophaga and Xylophaga, so as to prepare for publication in the Ottawa Naturalist a complete list of the local species, I have made some notes which may be of more general interest. There are also several species, apparently new, which I prefer to describe here, as I think that all new species should be described (or at least redescribed) in some publication devoted entirely to Entomology, and accessible to all students. The publication of species in miscellaneous proceedings and transactions prevents many entomologists from having access to them, necessitates an outlay of money and time which in many cases cannot be spared by students, and gives rise to much unnecessary synonymy, etc. One point of interest in the Tenthredinidze is the excess of the females, both as regards species and individuals. Of the 152 species which have been taken in this neighborhood the females of 139 species are represented, and the males of 82 only. Both sexes are recognized in 69 species, leaving 70 represented by the female only, and 13 by the male only. ‘This disparity of the sexes is more marked in some sections of the subfamily, notably in the unwieldy and difficult genus Nematus, where of 34 species there occur females of 32,and males of only Io., z. ¢é., only the male of every third species has been found. The scarcity of males among sawflies is even more marked, when the occurrence of individuals is considered ; for in 1,262 specimens there are 885 females and 377 males. Of many species the females and males differ so much in coloration that they have been described as distinct insects, and the relationship of some have undoubtedly not yet been recognized, but there are other species of which, while the sexes are 58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. known and readily distinguished, it is very difficult to obtain the males either by collecting in the field or by breeding. Of such may be instanced Nematus Erichsonii, Hart. (= WV. cinctus, Newm , according to Kirby), of which I have only obtained one male, although the females can be taken in any desired number. Acordulecera saginata, Prov., is apparently the male of 4. dorsadis, Say., a species which is found upon oak and hickory, the larve skeleton- izing the leaves. NEMATUS RUFOCINCTUS, n. sp. Female—Length, 8mm. Black, with pale legs and rufous band on abdomen. Head rather small; the ocelli in shallow basins defined anteriorly by a distinct sinuate ridge above the antennee ; edge of clypeus, labrum and palpi whitish ; antenne slender, with subequal joints. Thorax polished ; tegule, angles of prothorax and legs in great part, white ; the anterior and median femora touched with brown ; posterior legs with apical two-thirds of femora, apical half of tibie and the tarsi, black ; wings large, hyaline ; nervures and stigma black ; third submarginal cell quadrate, small, hardly larger than first ; the recurrent nervures received about one-fourth respectively from the base and tip of the second submarginal cell. Abdomen robust, with dorsal ridge ; basal plates, sides of first segment, spots on fifth, and the terminal segments black, remainder rufous. One female taken near Hull on 26th June, 1887, upon alder, and in general appearance resembling a small 4. Zrichsoniz, Hart. NEMATUS THORACICUS, n. sp. Female—Length, 6 mm. Head, meta- thorax and base of abdomen black, remainder rufo-testaceous. Head as wide as thorax, ridges surrounding oceili ill-defined, but prominent be- tween antennz; palpi and inandibles pale, the latter with red tips ; antenne long and slender, joints subequal. Thorax rufous, except sutures below wings and the scutellar region, including the scutellum, black ; legs rufous, the posterior with tips of tibiz and the tarsi almost black ; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma brownish, third submarginal cell one and one-half times as long as wide ; recurrent nervures received respectively about one-fifth from base and one-sixth from apex of second submarginal cell. Abdomen short and stout, slightly ridged dorsally ; basal plates and spot on first and second segments black, remainder rufous. One female taken near the city on May 11th. This species is near NV. bivittatus, Nort., but the head is much less rugose, and the mesothorax is not lineate with black, ete. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ay NEMATUS LINEATUS, n sp. Female—Length,7 mm. Rufo-testaceous. Head nearly white below the antenne, and honey-yellow above, palpi dusky ; antennz as long as head and thorax, rather stout, black ; a black spot between ocelli. Thorax orange-yellow ; tegule and angles of pro- thorax white ; a line on median lobe of mesothorax, a spot above inser- tion of posterior wings, the apex of scutellum and adjoining sutures, black ; legs yellow, coxe and trochanters paler, tips of posterior tibiz and tarsi dusky ; wings hyaline, nervures brownish, stigma pale, third submarginal cell nearly twice as long as first, recurrent nervures received about one-fourth the distance from base and tip of second submarginal cell. Abdomen broad, compressed toward apex, paler than thorax, basal plates and narrow broken dorsal line black, ovipositor prominent. One female collected near city on May sth. Fenusa varipes, St. Farg. (melanopoda, Cam.), previously recorded by Mr. Fletcher as introduced from Europe, was observed on Aug. 26th, upon native alders in a swamp not far from the Experimental Farm, and a number of the leaves showed the characteristic blotches caused by the larvx. The species can, therefore, be considered as naturalized. Emphytus multicolor, Nort., (= Strongylogaster multicolor, Nort., = Emphytus hullensis, Prov.) This is one of the species in which varia- bility in wing-venation has led to a redescription. I have the types, ? ¢, of LZ. hudlensis, and they agree exactly with the description of .S. mu/¢i- color. Of six specimens which I have since collected, four have four submarginals, as in S.- multicolor, one three submarginals, as in #&. hullensis, and the remaining one has three cells in one wing and four in the other. As the insect seems to more nearly resemble an Emphytus than a Strongylogaster or Taxonus, I have referred it to the former genus. Harpiphorus tarsatus, Say. From a series of specimens taken upon Cornus it seems evident that HZ varianus, Nort., and H. versicolor, Nort., are only varieties of this species. My specimens vary much in colour, but even the blackest show more or less trace of rufous. ‘The insect is very active and difficult to net, as it darts to and fro among the bushes. On one occasion I heard a rustling of insect wings on a branch near the ground and found it to be caused by two males in pursuit of a female, and I netted the three at one stroke. Monostegia maculata, Nort. I have already (Insect Life, Vol. II., p. 227) discussed the variation in the wing-venation of our common Straw- berry Sawfly, and a further examination of the species seems to indicate 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, that it should be placed in the genus Monostegia. It is certainly very unlike the other species of Harpiphorus. Under the name JZ. ignota, Nort., I propose to retain a few immaculate specimens which also slightly differ in other respects. MACROPHYA ALBILABRIS, n. sp. Male—Length, 8 mm. _ Black; anterior legs and base of posterior pale. Head rugosely punctured, almost opaque, no depressions or sutures above antennz ; clypeus deeply emarginate, labrum truncate ; both, with spot on mandibles, white ; antenne stout. Thorax coarsely punctured, the scutellum rugose ; edge of tegulee and fine line on border of prothorax white ; anterior and median legs pale, including portion of coxe, the femora and: tibiz with dusky abbreviated lines above ; tips of posterior coxze, the trochanters, basal third of femora with line below to apex, white ; remainder of femora, the tibize and tarsi, black. Edges of basal plates white dorsally. One male taken near the city, but not dated. This insect is closely allied to AZ. flavicoxe, Nort., and may prove but a variety of that species, though none of my examples of favicoxe show any variation of this kind. The chief differences are in the colour of the posterior legs, the white touches on basal plates, and the more deeply emarginate clypeus. Pachyprotasis omega, Nort.—The insect described by Provancher (Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, p. 50.) as Synairema americana, seems, from his description, to be identical with this species, except that he gives the length as .46 inch, whereas my largest specimen of omega is only about -35 inch. Norton in his description of the species gives the length as .26 inch. Pachyprotasis delta, Prov. Since my notes on this species (CAN. Enr., Vol. XVIII, p. 32) I sent to Mr. Kirby a small lot of Tenthre- dinide regarding which he writes: “ The principal remark I have to make on this lot of insects is, that the insect sent as Zenthredo (?) delta, Prov., is a true Pachyprotasis, near P. discolor, Klug., an European species.” Pachyprotasis varipicta, Har. On June 7th, I captured two males which evidently belong to the species which I described as a Harpiphorus (Can. Ent., Vol. XXI., p. 96), and these show that the species belongs to Pachyprotasis, and has, like P. de/ta, very unstable wing venation.. One specimen has, like the female described, two cross nervures in the lanceo- late cell of one wing. The other has in the right anterior wing five sub- marginals, the third cell being subdivided almost in continuation of the second recurrent. These males differ from the female only in having the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 apical two-thirds of posterior femora blackish, and the basal segment of abdomen darker at the base. The outer cells of the posterior wings are closed, as in B de/ta. Strongylogaster soriculatus, Prov. S. soriculatipes, Prov., appears to have been the name under which this species was first published, but the Abbé has used soricu/utus in republishing, and the old name does not appear in his index. Tenthredo grandis, Nort. This species is somewhat variable in the extent of its white markings, and I have one specimen which answers exactly to the Z? z/gricollis, Kirby, described from Newfoundland. Tenthredo basillaris, Prov. This, species is placed in Cresson’s cata- logue as a synonym of 7! signata, Nort. My specimens, five females, of which one was determined by Provancher, are remarkably uniform in their markings, and do not agree with the description of 7: s7gnata, so that I am disposed to retain the species as distinct. Lenthredopsis Evansit, Har. I havea female of this species from the Rocky Mts. near Calgary, and have examined another from Colorado (Gillette.) This insect is very near, perhaps identical with, Zenthredo viridescens, Fourcr. (sca/aris, Klug.) an European species. TENTHREDOPSIS (?) ANNULICORNIS, n. sp. Female—Length, 10 mm, Head black, rugosely punctured ; mandibles, clypeus and triangular spot above rufous, the clypeus strongly notched ; antennez slender, two basal joints and base of third rufous, apex of third, the fourth and terminal three black, joints five and six pure white. Thorax with the pleura coarsely punctured ; rufous above with spot on each lateral lobe of meso- thorax and the scutellar sutures black; legs rufous, tips of coxz, the trochanters and posterior tarsi white, tip of posterior femora and of tibiz black ; wings hyaline, nervures blackish, base of stigma white ; lanceolate . cell with straight, short, cross nervures, as in Tenthredo, etc.; posterior wings without middle cells. Abdomen rufous. Male.—Length,9 mm. Antenne a little stouter, testaceous, rufous toward base. Abdomen with apex blackish. The femaie was taken near the city on June 6th, 1891, and the male on May 28th last. The antenne of the male differ in colour, and in being slightly stouter, from those of the female, but in all other respects it seems to be identical. The strongly notched clypeus, and the absence of middle cells in the posterior wings, would seem to refer the female to Perineura, but the outer cells of posterior’ wings of the male are not’ 62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. closed. These insects, except for the antennze, look very much like small specimens of /Yarpiphorus varianus. PAMPHILIUS RUFICEPS, n. sp. Female—Length, 15 mm. Black, with rufo-testaceous head and legs. Head very large ; coarsely punctured, rufous, with a small black spot enclosing the ocelli; mandibles very large ; antennz slender, about 35-jointed, black, with three basal joints rufous, third joint more than twice as-long as the fourth. Thorax coarsely punctured, the pleura quite rugosely ; tegulee, anterior angles, lateral lobes and apex of median lobe of mesothorax and scutellum, rufous ; beneath black, with dull rufous spots on pleura; legs rufous, coxz paler, tarsi dusky, the posterior almost black, anterior tibiz with side spur. Abdo- men broad, with narrow lateral margin of bright lemon-yellow. One female, found walking on a doorstep in the city, May 31st, 1891. This species is near P. (Lyd2) brunniceps, Cress. PAMPHILIUS CINCTUS, n. sp. Female—Length, 11 mm. _ Black, with red band on abdomen. Head polished behind the ocelli, rugulose an- teriorly ; face flat with a ridge between antenne, not reaching anterior margin of clypeus ; clypeus broad, squarely truncate, not margined, and coarsely punctured ; cheeks below the eyes, mandibles, clypeus, triangular spot at inner summit of each eye, similar spots behind on margin of occiput, and two minute dots below ocelli, white ; antennz black, long, slender, 25-jointed, third joint hardly longer than fourth, Thorax polished ; tegule, short lines in front and beneath, a double triangular spot on middle !obe of mesothorax, scutellum and postscutellum, white ; legs pale yellow, including tips of coxe, anterior tibize without side spur ; wings hyaline with brown nervures,-third submarginal cell large. Abdo- men with first segment, except a black spot on each side, and three follow- ing, rufous ; apical segments black. One female, taken near the city on June 28th. It resembles in appearance P. rufofasciata, Nort., but differs in shape of antennz and clypeus and in markings. Pamphilius fascipennis,Cress. This fine species, originally described from the White Mts., N.H., has been taken by Mr. Evans at Sudbury. Xyela minor, Nort. In June, 1886, I captured by sweeping on the margins of a wood composed of pines, spruces, etc., a male and a female of this very interesting species, which Mr, Kirby thinks should constitute a distinct genus from the European species of Xyela. I failed to obtain the insect again until May 11th, 1891, when, in beating spruce trees, I THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63 secured eight females. I endeavored to ascertain if the insects were ovipositing in the twigs, but they are so small and inconspicuous that it was impossible to find them without beating them from the trees. Sub- sequent beatings in the same locality, and careful search again last May failed to turn up any more. It seems probable, however, that the insect breeds in the young shoots of the spruce (as none could be found on adjoining trees or shrubs of other’''species), and some of our collectors, knowing when and where to search, may succeed in discovering if such be the case. It may also live in ‘other conifers, as Provancher records taking the female on the buds of white pine, on which I have also taken one specimen. Xiphydria canadensis, Prov.? In an article on X. adlbicornis (“A new foe to the maple.” Rep. Ent. Soc., Ont., 1883, p. 40), I stated that some of the males had the antenne black, as in X. Provancheri, Cress., and that this species and X. canadensis were probably only varieties of X. albicornis, with which may be also included probably X. macudata, Say. In re-studying my specimens I find a female which seezas to be distinct, but which, however, does not agree with descriptions of any of the species quoted above as regards markings, although it agrees with X. canadensis in having the ‘“ head rugose except upon the vertex,” and not wishing to create an unnecessary new name I have placed it under that. It has the following characteristics which are not given in the other descriptions :—Antenne black, 16-jointed only, the second joint much shorter than in a/bicornis, not more than half as long as the third ; no white markings above the antennz on the front, but an almost square patch below and a small spot.on each side of clypeus, adjoining a larger spot under the eye. There is also a small spot on the posterior margin of the head behind each eye, and two short lines above ocelli which are differently situated from those of a/bicornis. In that species the lines start about on a level with ocelli and stop before attaining the occipital margin, while in the specimen under consideration they start from the occipital margin and stop at some distance above ocelli. The cox are also uniformly rufous instead of black, or blackish, and the markings of thorax are different. The usual white spots occur on seg- ments one to seven of abdomen, with the exception of the sixth. Xiphydria rufiventris, Cress. This addition to the Canadian fauna has been made by Mr. Fletcher, who has a fine female example taken last year. 64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Tremex columba, Linn. In July, 1891, Mr. John Stewart, of this city, informed me that he had a stick of firewood containing a great many larve of beetles. Some days later I called on him to examine it and found that the insects had commenced to emerge, and that they were the common Horntail. The log was gnarlly rock-maple, about ro inches in diameter, partly decayed, but still very hard, as was proved ‘in sawing out a section, which I took home. I secured a number of larve and pupe, and from the section retained numerous flies emerged, of which only one was a male. On leaving for Japan (July 22nd) I iocked the block up in an old cabinet, and on my return found that several more females had appeared, and of course died during my absence. The fact of most interest concerning these is that one had endeavored to deposit in the block, and had died with the cvipositor deeply inserted. NEW CHERNETIDZ FROM THE UNITED STATES. BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y. Since my last article on this group (CaN. Ent, Aug., 1891), I have obtained quite a number of forms ; some of the new ones are described in this article. ‘Two genera, new to the U. S., are recorded, both of which occur in South America. Chelifer alius, described by Leidy in Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., 1877, agrees, as far as description goes, with Chelanops oblongus, Say, and with no other form known to me, therefore I consider it a synonym of C. oblongus. CHELANOPS PALLIPES, 0. Sp. Length, 3mm. Coiour: cephalothorax, dark brown ; palpi, red-brown ; dorsal scutee, yellow-brown ; legs, yellow-brown. General appearance of C. acuminatus, but the hand is not black as in that species. Structure also similar to C. acuminatus, differs in being furnished with clavate hairs ; the trochanter does not projectas much behind; the femur is more slender ; the tibia is not nearly as much gibbose on the inner side; the hand less broad and shorter ; the fingers much more slender, about as long as the hand. California. .A few specimens. CHELANOPS LATUS, N. Sp. Length, 3.2 mm. Cephalothorax and palpi red-brown, the fingers black, scute red-brown, legs brownish-yellow. Structure similar to GC. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 acuminatus ; hairs simple, the trochanter is less gibbose behind, the femur a little more slender; the tibia enlarges quite suddenly on the internal margin, but is then more parallel with the external margin than in either C. acuminatus or C. pallipes ; the hand is more slender than in C. acuminatus, and the sides are quite nearly parallel; the fingers stout and much shorter than the hand. East Florida. Under bark of pine trees. Common. CHELANOPS GROSSUS, N. Sp. Length, 2, 4.7 mm.; ¢,3.3 mm. Similar to C. ob/ongus, Say, but very much larger. Palpi uniform dark red-brown ; anterior part of cephalothorax similar but paler, beyond the suture yellowish ; dorsal scute, yellow-brown ; legs, pale. Body very long and narrow ; cephalo- thorax shining, smooth ; palpi with long simple hairs. Palpi similar to C. oblongus ; hand longer and the sides more parallel ; the* tibia not so much swollen on the inner side and thus more slender. Colorado. [Dr. C. F. Baker.] Apparently common. OLPIUM OBSCURUM, 0. Sp. Length, 2 mm. Colour in life blackish, in alcohol the cephalothorax and abdomen greenish with sides blackish, legs pale with a greenish tinge, palpi brownish-yellow with a tinge of green, hands darkest. Cephalothorax narrower in front than behind, anterior eyes about their diameter from anterior margin, posterior eyes just behind anterior ones and looking more dorsal; stylet simple ; abdomen widest at about seventh segment, quite long ; palpi shorter than abdomen ; trochanters somewhat conical, sides convex ; femur not quite as long as cephalo- thorax is broad at posterior margin, barely pedicellate ; sides almost parallel, internal margin a little convex near base, then a little concave, external margin almost straight ; tibia short, pedicellate, a little shorter than femur and broader than that joint, both sides convex ; hand about as long as tibia, barely pedicellate, sides but little convex ; fingers a little shorter than hand and curved. East Florida. One specimen, swept from grass. Roncus, Koch. Allied to Chthonius, differs in having but one eye on each side of cephalothorax. Not previously known from U. S. 66 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. RONCUS PACIFICUS, Nn. sp. Length, 1.6 mm. Colour, pale whitish ; mandibles and claws of palpi reddish; femora of palpi sometimes reddish ; dorsal scute of abdomen yellowish-brown ; legs with a pinkish tinge ; young specimens lighter than adult ones. Mandibles large, as in Chthonius ; cephalothorax somewhat narrower behind than in front, sides slightly curved, one large eye each side near anterior margin; palpi not as long as body; hand with fingers almost as long as cephalothorax plus mandibles ; femur about as long as cephalothorax, sides about parallel ; tibia almost conical, almost as wide at tip as the hand at base; hand not pedicellate, longer than tibia, sides but little convex: fingers longer than hand, about straight ; legs short, hind pairs not much enlarged. Body and append- ages with simple hairs. Washington State. [Kincaid.] A few specimens. IDEORONCUS, Balzan. Allied to Obiszuzm, but has only one eye each side of cephalothorax and the claw of mandible has a prominent stylet. Species previously known from South America. IDEORONCUS OBSCURUS, 0. sp, Length, 3.2 mm. Colour, pale whitish ; anterior part of cephalo- thorax with a reddish tinge, mandibles pinkish, palpi red, dorsal scutze pale yellowish ; body soft. The mandibles have a long stylet, which is divided into two parts ; the cephalothorax is a little narrower in front than behind ; the eyes, hardly perceptible above, are two, one each side, about its diameter from anterior margin ; the cephalothorax just in front of eyes is more suddenly narrowed than elsewhere. Palpi shorter than body ; trochanters almost twice as long as wide, the internal margin about straight, external margin quite suddenly but not greatly swollen ; femur not quite as long as cephalothorax and broader than trochanters, pedicellate, internal margin at first convex then concave, external margin convex, slightly narrower near tip than near base ; tibia shorter, pedicel- late, external margin evenly convex, internal one convex, more so near base than near tip; hand as long as tibia, short pedicellate, much broader than other joints, neither margin much convex ; fingers shorter than hand, slightly curved, stout. Body and appendages with simple hairs. Abdomen long, sides nearly parallel, not much broader than cephalo- thorax. The outlines of trochanters can be distinctly seen on the femora THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 of all legs. The tarsi are divided into two parts by a transverse suture ; posterior pairs of legs but little larger than the anterior pairs. Washington State. [Kincaid.] Two specimens. CHTHONIUS SPINOSUS, N. sp. Length, 1.7 mm. Colour, hard parts pale tinged with reddish-brown, venter of abdomen white ; abdomen with a few silvery white spots. Anterior part of cephalothorax a little wider than posterior, the anterior portion bent downward and divided in the middle by a deep furrow, the mandibles bent downward; the cephalothorax, basal joints of mandibles, and segments of abdomen provided with scattered conical tubercles which bear a spine at tip. Cephalothorax and palpi finely granulated, basal joint of palpus [trochanter] short, not visible from above ; femur about length of cephalothorax, sides nearly straight, tip a little larger than base, patella short, almost conical ; hand once and a-half as long as patella, sides nearly straight but little swollen, the inner side the most so; fingers straight, longer than hand. Eyes a little more than their diameters apart. Abdomen twice as long as_ cephalothorax. Anterior legs long and slender ; posterior pairs larger but hardly longer ; trochanters distinct on posterior pairs. Citrus Co., Florida. [C.M.Weed.] Quite common. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW BRACONIDS BRED BY PROF. A. D. HOPKINS. BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. In the following pages I describe the new Braconids bred by Prof. A. D. Hopkins, of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, as recorded by him in Insect Life, Vol. IV., pages 256 to 259. The types are in the National Museum. Subfamily BRaconiDé. Bracon, Fabr. (1) Bx, sp. n:- Bracon lixt, Ashm., MS., Ins.’ Life, 1V., p. 257. 2 —Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor, r mm. Brownish-yellow; stem- maticum, metathorax above, first abdominal segment and an oblong median spot on second segment at base, black ; sometimes the middle lobe of meso-scutum is black anteriorly ; antennz 35-jointed, brown. Head and thorax smooth, shining, the head transverse. Wings hyaline ; tegulee yellow ; costa, stigma and nervures dark brown ; recurrent nervure 68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. received in the apical angle of the first submarginal cell; second abscissa of radius twice as long as first ; second submarginal cell twice as wide at base as at apex. Legs pale brownish-yellow, the apex of pos- terior tibize above and the basal 3 or 4 joints of tarsi more or less dusky. Abdomen oblong-oval, the first segment above and the black median spot on the second, rugulose ; rest of the surface granulated or shagreened ; the first segment is the longest; the second and third about equal, the suture between being distinct, crenated ; the following subequal]. the fourth being one-third shorter than the third. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. Bred from Lixus scrobicollis, living in Ambrosia trifida. (2) B. rufomarginatus, sp. n. ? —Length, 2 mm.; ovipositor, 0.5 mm. Polished black; orbits, a line extending from base of eye and along the clypeus, yellow; palpi black ; legs black, beneath pale brownish ; lateral margins of the abdo- men and the venter reddish-yellow ; antennz 24-jointed, black; wings fuliginous ; the second abscissa of radius one-half longer than the first ; the second submarginal cell not narrowed at apex. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. Comes nearest to B. phycidis Rilev, but with darker wings and dif- ferent coloured legs. Subfamily ExoTHeEciné. RuHysIPouis, Forster. (3) 22. btformis, sp. n. Rhysipolis biformis, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life, IV., Pp. 257: 2 —Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen. Head and thorax black, pubescent ; abdomen ferruginous ; anterior coxe, all trochanters, except slightly on the upper surface, annulus at base of all tibize and all tarsi, honey-yellow or pale ferruginous ; middle and an- terior coxe and all femora black; mesopleura reddish or piceous. Head quadrate, above smooth, polished, with a delicate occipital margin ; face finely punctate with a sparse, rather long, whitish pubescence ; man- dibles black ; palpi piceous. Thorax finely shagreened, the parapsidal furrows obsolete posteriorly but sharply defined anteriorly, the middle lobe just in front of scutellum depressed, rugulose with a slight median keel ; meso-pleura smooth and pale or piceous at the middle, with a slight longitudinal sulcus ; scutellum smooth, with a crenate furrow across the base ; meta-thorax rugose, with a delicate median carina down the centre THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 69 slightly forked at apex. Wings subfuliginous, the stigma and venation brown ; submedian cell longer than the median, the recurrent nervure not interstitial but joining the first submarginal cell at the lower apical angle ; first abscissa of radius about half the length of the second. Abdomen ferruginous or reddish-yellow; the first and second segments rugose or shagreened, the following smooth, polished. In one specimen the basal part of the third segment, as well as the first two, is also shagreened. In the ¢ the apical margins of the third and following abdominal segments are piceous ; the antennz are much longer than the body, brown-black, 36-jointed ;.the legs similar to the female, but with the femora more piceous, not black ; otherwise as in female. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. Bred Sept. 14, 1891, from a Buprestid, or Longicorn, larva living under bark of dead Spruce Adzes nigra. I am doubtful about the position of this insect, as it might just as well be placed in the genus Doryctes as in Rhysipolis, having a close resemblance to Doryctes radiatus Cr., D. macilentus Prov., D. fartus Prov., and other species in this genus. Subfamily RHyYSSALIN«. RuyssaLus, Haliday. (4) &. pityophthori, sp. n. Rhyssalus pityophthori, Ashm., MS., Ins. Ege, TV. p) 254: ? —Length, 1.2 mm.; ovipositor shorter than the abdomen. Black, shining ; head transverse, smooth, impunctured ; mandibles and palpi pale ferrugmous ; antennz very little longer than the body, (?) 17-jointed. Thorax alutaceous, the parapsidal furrows distinct, the middle lobe with a median impressed line anteriorly. Wings hyaline, strongly iridescent, the stigma and nervures brown, the first abscissa of radius two-thirds the length of the second, the marginal cell long, extending to tip of wing. Legs, including coxz, pale or honey-yellow.. Abdomen oblong-oval, ferruginous, the ovipositor black. Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. Bred July 29, 1891, from Yellow Pine twigs infested with Pityoph- thorus, Sp. 70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Subfamily SPaTHIINz. SPATHIUS, Nees. The following table will aid in determining the species in this genus known to me as occurring in our fauna :— TABLE OF SPECIES. Wings fuscous or blackish, with 3 white transverse bands (7. ¢., one white band with the base and apex of wing white).....................3 Wings duscous, withtone white Damd:.../5.4') is) dein) ose a tna spear Wings hyaline or subhyaline, without bands. Testaceous ; pleura, metathorax and petiole blackish or fuscous. Petiole very long and slender, two-thirds the length of the thorax ; legs entirely pale yellow ; antennz 24-jointed. (4, length; .2.9 0.3 mime... .'.'). eat. aS alongipetiolatusy sp. a: Testaceous ; abdomen from apex of second segment black. Petiole not more than half the length of thorax; legs pale yellow ; antennze 24-jointed. (¢, length, 2.1 mm.)..... .S. californicus, sp. n. Black ; face, collar, mesopectus, legs, petiole and basal half of second abdominal segment, testaceous. Petiole a little longer than half the length of thorax ; hind femora subfuscous. Antenne 23-jointed. (7, length, 2 mm.) ae pee oor n ahead A Oa oe shee De es se MRL ONC cE CEI ED CTLIEL Some 2. Black ; head, apex of petiole, base of second segment, fuscous or piceous ; all femora much swollen ; trochanters, annulus at base of tibiz and the tarsi, white; ovipositor twice the length of abdomen. Antenne 34-jointed. (9, length, 4 to 4.5 mm.)...S. u¢fasctatus,sp.n. 3. Species for the most part testaceous or brownish-yellow..........4 Species black or dark fuscous. Collar, petiole and base of second segment, pale brownish-yellow ; trochanters, base of tibiz and the tarsi, yellowish-white ; sometimes the mesopectus and head more or less rufo-testace- ous ; basal half of second abdominal segment always finely sculptured or shagreened; ovipositor 134 to 2 times as long as the abdomen. @, antenne 32 to 35-jointed; ¢, antenne 25-jointed. (Length, from 2 to 4.5 mm.)...,.,.,9. sémi/limus, sp 0. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. fas Ovipositor not longer than the abdomen. Head polished, with traces of faint transverse strize before the ocelli but none behind; second abdominal segment faintly granulated at base. 9, antenne 29-30; {f, 26-jointed. (Length, 2 to 2.5 mine eee peat: st LOMICE SD Th, Ovipositor half the length af dF denen Head transversely rugulose; second abdominal segment perfectly smooth, polished. ¢, antennz broken. (Length, 3 mm.).. uae Be Ss bach us, Sp. N. 4. Rust brown, disk af ee ath satlinn black. Ovipositor nearly twice the length of the whole insect. Head polished, although faintly transversely aciculated ; abdomen elongate, black, shining, the petiole finely rugose, not longitudinally striated; the second segment with some faint aciculations only at base. ?, antennze 20-jointed, reaching only to the base of the metathorax. (Length 3.5 to 4 mm.).. Saphir SETS ae say Talat Prov: Ovipositor not uit as atnd as he = HOTes insect. Head opaque, finely rugose, the rugze posteriorly transverse ; abdomen oblong-oval, the apical one-third of the second segment and following segments black polished ; petiole coarsely longitudinally striated; basal half of second segment shagreened. ?, antennz multiarticulate (broken at tips). (Length, iS A TINY, Sie: a!sate! Wann a. A hustle ahh ep Se RO MERLLIOUES SS SPD: Brownish-yellow or testaceous, sometimes varied with fuscous. Ovipositor shorter than the body, usually shorter than the abdomen. Head finely rugose and transversely aciculated ; second abdominal segment basally feebly shagreened ; ovi- positor longer than the abdomen. (Length, 4.5 to 5 TAM») chal pahaleSs/Leisinee- ded vids wu Mesfasciatus, Riley. Ovipositor shorter than abdomen. Head polished without or with very faint transverse acicula- tions ; base of second segment and the petiole yellow, ve THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. rest of abdomen black, the basal half of the second segment very finely shagreened. Antenne 23-jointed, a little longer than the body. (9, length, 2.8 mm.).. : semen... aa _S. Canadensis, Ashm. Head: ahinities tranatersely Sprateds basal two-thirds of second segment finely ee se the rest of abdomen smooth, polished. Antennz 3o-jointed, longer than the body. (9, length, 3.5 mm.).......:.S pallidus, sp. n. Head opaque, minutely transversely rugulose ; the second segment has the basal one-third finely shagreened, then followed by a smooth polished space and again sha- greened, and polished again at apex. Antenne longer than the body, more than 33-jointed (the tips broken off). (2, dength;.4 mm.).)...5.. . iS. brunneus, Ashm. Head smooth polished, with scarcely a trace of any trans- verse aciculations ; second segment polished, impunc- tured. Antenne 25-jointed. ee ee 3. Tito) ssh ..S. seguota, Ashul (5) S. claripennis, sp. n. Spathius devine ee MS. (err. impr.), Ins: Life: TV:, p: 257. ¢.—Length, 2 mm. Black; prothorax, mesopectus, petiole and basal half of second abdominal segment, testaceous or yellow ; legs pale, the posterior femora and their tibia toward apex slightly dusky. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures brown. Antenne 23-jointed, fuscous, the basal three or four joints pale yellowish. The head is polished, with some faint transverse dciculations on the vertex. Thorax subopaque, finely granulated or shagreened ; the petiole longitudinally striate. Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. Bred April 20, 1892, from Polygraphus rufipennis living under the bark of dead Adbzes nigra. (6) S. unifasciatus, sp. n. © Spathius unifasciatus, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life, TVsy*p. 256: ?.—Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Black; collar anteriorly dull ferruginous ; apex of petiole and base of second segment reddish piceous ; legs fuscous, anterior and middle coxz and trochanters, posterior trochanters and an- nulus at base of all tibiz, white ; tarsi more or less pallid beneath. Antenne 34-jointed, fuscous, the basal 3 or 4 joints pallid. The head is polished, the vertex faintly transversely aciculated, the frons and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ta face rougher ; thorax closely granulated, opaque, the middle lobe pos- teriorly, pleura and metathorax, finely rugulose, the latter indistinctly areolated. Wings fuliginous, with a white band across the middle from the base of the stigma, the apex of the wing showing scarcely any white. All the femora are very much swollen, while the abdomen, except the petiole, is smooth, polished; petiole longitudinally striate, somewhat rugose basally. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. Bred April 29, 1892, from Scolytus g-spinosus living under the bark of Carya alba. (7) S. simillimus, sp. n. ¢,9.—Length, 2 to 4.5 mm. Black ; collar, mesopectus and petiole pale ferruginous or brownish-yellow. Head above transversely aciculated; thorax opaque, closely granulated; the middle mesothoracic lobe pos- teriorly and the metathorax finely rugose, the latter faintly areolated ; petiole striate. Wings fuscous, white at base and tips, and with a trans- verse white band from the base of stigma. Antenne in 2 32 to 35- jointed, in ¢ 25-jointed, fuscous, pale toward base. Legs fuscous ; the coxz and trochanters, annulus at base of tibiz and the tarsi, white. Abdomen, except petiole and base of second segment, black, the basal half of the second segment shagreened ; ovipositor as long or very little shorter than the body. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. Bred May 18 and 25, 1892, from Agridus bilineatus living in White Oak stump. ; (8) S. brachyurus, sp. n. Spathius. brevicaudus, Ashm., MS. (Olim. preoc.), Ins. Life, IV., p. 258. ?.—Length, 3 mm.; ovipositor half the length of abdomen. Much like S. sémid/imus, but with the lower part of head, the prothorax, meta- thorax and petiole brownish, the ovipositor very much shorter, in simillimus being about as long as the whole insect, while in drachyurus it is only half the length of the abdomen. The head is transversely rugulose ; the legs and antennz brown, the tibie not annulated with white, the femora not especially thickened ; while the second abdominal segment is perfectly smooth and polished. Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. Bred Nov. to, 1890, and March 15, 1891, from Dryocoetes auto- graphus living under bark of dead Adzes excelsa. 74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (9) S. pallidus, sp, n. ?.—Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen. Pale ferruginous or honey-yellow ; cox, trochanters, base of tibie and tarsi, whitish. Head shining, transversely striated ; antenne 30-jointed, longer than the body ; petiole as long as the body of abdomen, striated ; second abdominal segment nearly twice the length of the third, the basal two-thirds finely shagreened or coriaceous, the following segments polished, impunctured. Wings fuscous, whitish at base and tips, and with a white band across from base of stigma. The parapsidal furrows are dis- tinct, converging and meeting at base of scutellum, the middle lobe thus formed being smooth and not rugose at base just in front of the scutellum, as in the other species. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. Bred from Zomicus cacographus living in Yellow Pine. Subfamily HEcapoLin~. LysITERMUS, Forster. (10) L. scolyticida, sp. n. Lysitermus scolyticida, Ashm., MS., Ins. Dates TV Di 258, | ?.—Length, 2.1 mm. Black, shining, impunctured ; mesoscutum with two distinct furrows; metathorax finely rugose ; wings hyaline, nervures brown ; legs honey-yellow, the posterior tibiz and tarsi sub- fuscous. Antenne 17-jointed, black, the three basal joints yellow. Abdomen oblong-ovate, composed of but three visible segments, the first segment and the second at the extreme base striated, otherwise smooth and polished ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. Bred April 30, 1891, from Scolytus 4-spinosus living under Hickory bark. CANOPHANES, Forster. In describing the species in this genus reared by Prof. Hopkins, I have taken advantage of the opportunity to publish a table of the species known to me in our fauna, believing the characters given in the table sufficient for the recognition of all the species. TABLE OF SPECIES. Testateous, or brownish-yellow species... 2>40 s,s sees | oe ed ee Black or blackish-fuscous species. Ovipositor longer than the whole insect. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ~I Or Collar and legs yellow ; abdomen piceous ; first segment and basal two-thirds of second longitudinally striated, the second with a transverse impressed line at the middle. Metathorax with two areas at base; antennze in 9 ZANGINGCE. «auteurs: cis oie LOMSICOMO SEN, SDs Tz Metathorax rugose, but without areas at _ base; antenne in @ 18jointed....C. flavicollis, sp. n. Ovipositor not quite as long as the body. Head piceous, polished ; collar, mesosternum, legs and basal half of abdomen, yellow ; antennz 24-jointed ; metathorax with two smooth areas at base........C. consimilis, sp. n. Ovipositor scarcely as long as the abdomen. Head minutely punctulate, subopaque ; legs, base of second abdominal segment and the three terminal segments, yellowish ; first segment, basal two-thirds of second and base of third and fourth, striated; the second segment with two transverse impressed lines ; antennz 28-jointed . : _C. languria@, sp. n. fed Arahaversely Bcicnlated: shining ; fies brown, trochanters and tarsi yellow ; abdomen piceous black, the first and second segments striated, the following smooth ; antennz in. 9 ho=)in..g 1éjointed.. yioo....... Cvatrata, Ashm: Ovipositor half the length of abdomen. Head polished, impunctured ; legs yellowish-white ; abdomen piceous or yellowish at base of second segment, also some- times at apex of first; first segment, basal two-thirds of second and base of third, striated; rest of abdomen smooth, shining, the second segment with a transverse impressed line at the middle; antenne in 9 23-jointed.. Poel y ay oh egeean tee! ste Mae Take .C. anthaxia, sp. n. Head transversely aciculated ; legs brownish-yellow, the hind coxee black ; abdomen finely rugose, the first segment and the following segments (except apical portion of the 3, 4 and 5, two-thirds of the 6 and the 7, which are polished), striated ; second segment with two longitudinal furrows ; antennze 25-jointed....... ..........C. borealis, Ashm. Legs pale brown, trochanters and tarsi whitish; abdomen elongate ovate, black, polished, the first two segments and 76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the third at extreme base striated, the second segment without a transverse furrow ; ¢, antennz 22-jointed...... eee eran: |e CPE sp. n. Ovipositor one-third the length of abdomen. Head smooth, polished; collar, mesosternum, second abdo- minal segment and the avex of abdomen, more or less, yellow ; first segment, basal two-thirds of second, and base of third and fourth, striated ; the second with two trans- verse impressed lines ; antennz 25 hg ave Dene eens ..C. floridanus, sp. n. 2. Ovipositor longer than the abdomen. Head black or piceous black, polished, impunctured ; scutellum with two large foveze at base ; metathorax with two large areas at base, posteriorly rugose or reticulated ; antennz iy Os-31sjomted {2 Rae. oss <i tea sel <ini e celet ALT COEDS aS Demme Ovipositor two-thirds the length of abdomen. Metathorax with two areas at base. Head transversely aciculated. First abdominal segment and} basal two-thirds of second striated ; rest of abdomen smooth, polish- ed, the second segment with a transverse im- pressed line; antenne in ¢ and @ 25-jointed.. vss _C. hylotrupidis, sp. n. First abaombasl acumen isabel two-thirds of second, and the bases of the third and fourth, striated, the second with two transverse impressed lines ; antenne in f 30-, in we Se ; BAY IES 3 a Pee ae ius sp. n. Ovipositor less than half the lene of the abdomen. Metathorax with a petiolate, diamond (}) shaped area. Head transversely aciculated ; first abdominal segment, the second, except at apex, and base of third and fourth, striated, the second with a transverse impressed line at basal one-third and a transverse depression a little beyond ; antennz in 9 36-jointed..C. prodoxi, Riley. Metathorax rugose, reticulated, with two areas at base. Head smooth, polished; first abdominal segment, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 77 basal two-thirds of second, striated, the second with a transverse furrow at the middle.... Se RGnee Dace. «aeons _C. melleus, Riley. Ovipositor one-third the length of abdomen. Metathorax rugose, but not areolated ; first abdominal segment and basal half of seccnd, striated; rest of abdomen smooth, pitas antenne in 2 s8-,in ¢ 1g-jointed.. _C. Koebelet, Riley. Ni ceaahinrack eer a sales, diasnonds shaped area at the middle and with two areas at base ; first, second and base of third abdominal segments striated, the rest smooth, polished ; antenne in @ 24-jointed, in f 27 or 28-jointed... ae Sas pate oe ae _C. Chittendenit, sp. n. (10) C. Zangurie, sp. n. Caenophanes langurie, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life, LV, De 258; 3,?.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor scarcely as long as the abdo- men. Head and thorax black, the parapsidal furrows, collar and meso- pleura ferruginous, with sometimes the face and orbits ferruginous, the second abdominal segment with 2 transverse impressed lines ; abdomen in ¢ pale ferruginous, in @ darker, with the base of second abdominal segment and the three last segments yellowish. Head minutely punc- tulate ; antenne in both sexes 28-jointed ; wings sub-hyaline, the first and second branches of the radius equal in length ; first abdominal segment, basal two-thirds of second, and base of the third, and in the ¢ the sutures at base of 3, 4 and 5, striated. Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. Bred Dec. 24, 1891, and Feb. 24, 1892, from Languria larve living in pith of Ambrosia trifida and artemisiefolta. (11) C. anthaxie, sp. n. Caenophanes anthaxiz, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life, BV) py 255; ¢,2.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor half the length of abdomen. Head and thorax in ¢ black, in @ fuscous; the head polished, im- punctured; thorax closely microscopically punctate, the middle lobe posteriorly rugose ; abdomen ferruginous, the first segment, basal two- thirds of the second, and the suture between segmenis 3 and 4, striate ; legs pale yellow ; wings hyaline, the first abscissa of radius two-thirds the length of the second. Abdomen sometimes fuscous, with a pale blotch at the middle. 78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. Bred May 4 and June 24, 1892, from Anthaxia viridicornis infesting Willow ; and May 26, from an Agridus larva living under the bark of Dogwood, Cornus florida. . (12) C. pityophthori, sp.n. Caenophanes pityophthori, Ashm. M. S., Ins. Life, [V.; px 2gsi d .—Length, 2 mm. Black ; second abdominal segment at base and sometimes the petiole at apex ferruginous ; head shining, faintly trans- versely aciculated on vertex ; thorax opaque, minutely granulated ; meta- thorax areolated, the pleura rugose; antennz 22-jointed, black, the 3 basal joints yellow ; abdomen elongate ovate, black, polished, the first two segments and'the third at extreme base or the suture striated. Legs pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, the first abscissa of radius less than two- thirds the length of the second. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. Bred Feb. 24, 1892, from Pityophthorus sp. living under the bark of a small dying Spruce, Adzes nigra. (13) C. Aplotrupidis, sp. n. Caenophanes hylotrupidis, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life; 15 p..258. 3,9.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor two-thirds the length of abdomen. Pale ferruginous ; metathoracic sutures fuscous. Head above transversely aciculated ; thorax finely granulated, the middle lobe pos- teriorly strongly rugose ; metathorax, except the two basal areas, rugose, and with a a-shaped carina at the middle ; first abdominal segment and basal two-thirds of the second striate, rest of abdomen smooth, polished, the second segment with a transverse impressed line at the middle. Antenne in both sexes 25-jointed. Wings hyaline, the stigma and - nervures pale brown, the first and second branches of the radius about equal in length. Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. Bred April 4, 1891, from Aylotrupes ligneus living in Juniperus virginiana. Subfamily HELconiné. HeEtcon, Nees. (14) H. occidentalis, Cr. Helcon tetrapodii, Ashm., MS. (olim), Ins. Pfs LV..p. 259: Bred July 14, 1891, from Zetrapodium cinnamoplerum living .in sap- wood of Spruce log Abies nigra. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79 Subfamily ALyslIN&. ADELURA, Forster. (15) A. ¢ibéalis, sp. n. ¢.—Length, 1.5 mm. Polished black ; lower half of head, two basal joints of antenne, legs, including coxee, except the posterior tibiae which are fuscous, and first and second abdominal segments, honey-yellow. Head transverse, wider than the thorax, the ocelli close together. Palpi white. Antennse 24-jointed, black, much longer than the body. Thorax smooth, without distinct parapsidal furrows, or only indistinctly impressed anteriorly. Mesopleura piceous ; metathorax almost smooth, the surface wrinkled posteriorly. Wings large, hyaline, the tegulz white, the costa and the elongate stigma black; rest of venation brown ; the first branch of the radius very short, the second very long, about twice the length of the first transverse cubital nervure ; the second submarginal cell very long, twice as broad at base as at apex ; recurrent nervure almost inter- stitial received in the angle of the second submarginal cell ; submedian cell a little longer than the median. Abdomen oblong-oval, smooth, shining, the first segment finely rugose. Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va. Subfamily DacnusENz. CoELINIUS, Nees. (16) C. Hopkinsit, sp. n. ?.—Length, 4mm. _ Black, shining ; prothorax, legs, including coxe, and the second abdominal segment, brownish-yellow ; mandibles rufous ; palpi white. Head oblong, smooth and polished ; face punctate with a median carina, pubescent. Antenne 33-jointed, black, as long as the body; the two basal joints, and the flagellum beneath for more than half its length, brownish-yellow. Thorax smooth, shining, trilobed ; meso- pleura separated from the mesosternum by a large longitudinal furrow and with a triangular fovea posteriorly ; the surface, except anteriorly where it is sparsely punctate, is smooth and shining ; metathorax rugose. Wings hyaline, the venation brown-black, the costa towards base and the tegule yellowish. Abdomen twice as long as the thorax, compressed beyond the second segment; except the second segment, black, smooth and shining; the first segment is one-third longer than the second, rugulose, smoother at apex. Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va. 80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENUS DIOCTRIA. BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. The following table includes all the species of Déoctria known to me as occurring in North America :— 1. Wings on the basal half yellow, on the apical half blackish......... 2 Wings not marked like this, nearly uniformly blackish... .........3 2. Legs wholly black ; length, 4 mm. oi eae ie) TUR ane Legs partly reddish- yellow ; length, e: IMM. iso. 4 ots an DO ACREMEE, VEE 3. Abdomen wholly black. . ep edad RET tie ie aaa 4 Abdomen and legs partly reddish. . pct en Seep ees 4. Legs wholly black. . aa Legs having base of tibize broadly 1 reddish- yellow ; mystax black ; ..aitida, Will. S: Mystax black. Bee; am PRA A cen ir _albius, Walk. Mystax red.. aati ‘peep dens Lw. 6. Antennal style nearly half < as long as ‘the third joint, coxe red ib pusie;, Ono: Antennal style one- sixth as s long ; as the third joint, coxe black Seas Leer a ne ae ; .rubidus, N. Sp. DIOCTRIA PARVULUS, n. sp. 6. Wholly black, shining. Pile of head light yellow, that on sides of face very sparse, extending to base of antennz. First two joints of antennze subequal in length, the third joint as long as the first two taken together ; style one-sixth as long as the third joint, thick and blunt. Pile of thorax rather abundant, that on abdomen very sparse and short, bright yellow. Base of wings to beginning of fifth posterior cell yellow- ish-white, beyond this blackish ; all posterior and the anal cell open, Length, 4 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Two specimens. DIOCTRIA RUBIDUS, nN. sp. ¢. Head black, the pile light yellow ; face with a large fovea above the centre, below which is a large gibbosity bearing the rather dense mystax ; face covered with a very short, brassy yellow pubescence, and with a few pile on each side above. Antennz black, first joint one and a-fourth times as long as the second, the third joint slightly longer than the first two taken together, the style one-sixth as long as the third joint, very robust, its tip blunt. Thorax and scutellum shining black, quite thickly light yellow pilose. Abdomen shining reddish-brown, except the first segment which is black, but sometimes the second segment and a large portion of the third and fourth segments are also black ; pile very sparse and short, light yellow. Legs yellowish, the coxee, trochanters, apical three-fourths of hind tibiz, and sometimes also of the other tibia, and all the tarsi, black. Wings blackish, all posterior and the anal cell open. Halteres yellow. Length, 7 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Three specimens. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81 NOTES FROM THE CORNELL INSECTARY. I.—SOME RESULTS OF A TRAP LANTERN EXPERIMENT. BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N.Y. May 1, 1889, the Entomological Department of the Cornell Agricul- tural Experiment Station set six trap lanterns, at considerable distances apart, on the University farm for the purpose of determining their value as an insecticide. Each trap consisted simply of a common Jantern set in a pan of water whose surface had a thin film of kerosene upon it to facilitate the destruction of the insects caught. The lanterns were kept burning every night until Oct. 15, 1889, or until no more insects were attracted. The captured insects were taken from the pans every morn- ing and placed in alcohol, those from each lantern being kept separate. So many outside influences, as other lights, the smallness of the area covered, etc., entered into the case, that practically no results were obtained from the different locations of the lanterns in the number of specimens caught by each lantern in any of the species thus far studied. Therefore, in the tables which follow, the total catch for each day from all the lanterns is placed under that date. An immense amount of material was taken, representing nearly every order of insects ; the moths, however, included a majority of the speci- mens. But comparatively little of the material has yet been studied. Several species cf Cut Worm Moths, the Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar Moth, and all the species of the May Beetles taken in the lanterns have been determined by the writer. As all of these are of economic import- ance, the following tables showing the number of specimens of each species taken each day will be of economic interest as showing the period of flight, when most numerous, the relative commonness of the different species, and many other questions of importance, as we shall see. TaBLe I.—CUistocampa americana taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 :— DATE. | MALES. FEMALES. I flit Vater ty Pee iy oe ero aa ORL Le PR I OL TY OH EEN Moa Te sheet SRR ASE PRS TRL 2 BO i ee ete eee eee eel 4 | C0052.) USERRA Sa Sean RE cee Ae 3 Sh RR DOWN fe FR SNS ct betes 6 mS Dre ey.. SVBav tis ae wakes: o0- % 2 voncians ae | II 4 <2 GGL Cries SS EO Ree ee 35 Ce Er) dk ES ER ota 85 8 UG.) ASOT 5 5 ha na ee a a ee | 46 No Ke) _ le) ° NG WGoan 82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. DATE. TaBLe I.—( Continued ). MALES. 62 30 29 26 513 FEMALES. 6 4 I I I &8 TaBLe I].—Agrotids taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 :— fF. subgothica. J, jacultfera. DATE. co a ae a Bienes eae terst I 1 rie te ae ee I MTpAd2e Go b> GaSe I 741 Cae ORR ein ee 2 2 hy cts ats stat I 1 ete RR eR P I Dy, Tei sete sate t 2 DS aap tens fou I ZO Nee chow | 6 ROMS as sts | 2 2 Bil Nook puso yon | 12 2 yeh Wipes Pye Marl 7 2 Paice it ema cde 19 2 Stina eee 9 I I Ae See tars eerste 7 3 I I SE Lemans seas 39 4 3 G8 Reeonot 5 Tata oe cto t 3 ‘ Sip tia aa a 5 I (8 ocr ROE aoe | 32 I TO arts 1 ane st 7 I 4 Dice spnessae 9 2 eee eee 5 7 Meee e eis Seah esc 30 3 I 2 15. cee sae 59 I 2 16... Ree eees 42 I iy Poepe ates: SoA 76 10 2 Meese toeiee ces 124 3 I iG) Sao. ageless 161 9 5 GAS Sett ene ae 198 6 PR ect ci. 160 19 | I I SBA OP oe ae 108 6 PVE AG Bek Hote 63 2 Ab colts ieiare ts = 122 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 TaB_e II.—/( Continued ). F. subgothtica. F. jaculifera. DATE 3 2 tals oe ING 75 eae ne 209 8 Bee OAC I. cas F sere TIO if Oe Re go 2 SES Se eee iste Tal We 93 3 pine ZO ans 28 orale Ste, 2 97 4 CO" TS yoy e ka aries nae Aue 53 2 OG OU gee ie tes BP 108 6 ‘Sie)Olig Pease aha 60 8 eo Ra a ee 65 2 I Cree ee ees Stee 50 CC ae Ae eee 87 4 cs RP nore ent es 23 TER PASS Forcrere Moers 37 2 Sey ets RE eB eee 8 EO LOO 16 3 See Vas O ite (eccean secraae I CONS CL tone mere akan 1 2 2 gol Ki Caterer Eo I ent lOreree re. outs Ss, 2 I “Wah loach aN gee CAs I Sr OMe rae ttea < I ‘otal’ = sac. 2240 Tage tt Fase OL RS One male of Carneades redimicula was taken on the 16th and a female on the 29th of July, and a female of Carneades insignata was caught July rr. TasLe III.—Zachnosterna taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 and 1892 :— fusca. | dubia. ilicis. DATE. 1889. 1892. 1889. 1892. 1889. 1892. Seu oe Su een lee weep aa Cae Mito a. ‘| | SOS Tis teas rere I Oe a Coles ae nL 1 I I ReRMN OR cesinats nn, J I IN st cco I I ee a OWE CA is eee | I I COA 0 ea I SDA rs ate eo i I I |} 2 cit | ate Rete | I |; 6 Ht i ee ae | 2 I I ewe DO Liar aks 8 I 2 A Co eae es Cee | 22 5 I eee DOM eins. | 4 4 Make Deter stance rc eee: 4! 1 84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. TaBLeE III.—( Continued). Susca. dubia. zlicts. DATE. 1889, 1892. 1889. 1892. || 1889. 1892. we [Sle 2 ue Goal a cee eae cee |e ke $(/# |S]? Ean Mage 2H ye ang a's n> I 2 Toa 10 ES eee MSY [hin 2 4 3 | Bem t.S vancltee 2 I || SAE Sisters 1.2 2 Sea I OF, dele 10 EA PN NERS SORE 10 2 I I Sree Lov x holden ate I 2 8 2 [[ ETeWe A Oe peipean ne ieee 131 5 3 2 OA lA Aas Meher el ate 3 2 I I | $ 2 ead ida sts 4 3 6 4 CTRL BAY a SR cg Rh rr 13 I I 2 PEM ons ales. Aig I I I bie et ree I Lalit 36 ae egal are Rreanets || I | FRR VR Oe fore te seach thet I I | COR EPES (0 Pane CREE tn 8 2 Nie eke ad RAM Oe ecete ar eserg eaki5 It 3 2 I | erent ® A cX tos cee 4 I 4 | OE) (eee eee ee I 12 I I | I Ste ANA calle bay te oe tote I 2 54 I I SOPRA G ute pent Cainer ney |) bag I ee Seat TOntare Siac tees 3 5 | er SR iy nee ieee Balwr2 cap ea | 3 SEMIS ta, caine Sosy stores 6 I | SS ETC Yaateny a panto I I | “> ay10) eT ea 3 2 32 2 I PMD) A eR Reta I Sole Sle iD tay Reet, fey 4 I 28 I I I CEP Che Ste bate oe 2 I CMPD ey Aeon Pee 2 1 sie OsB awe! Brave act 8 I I N+ Ma a i ae 3 I I 2 UY 2 Oar ae ah I || I aS lovee aes ree I vasa a] a Vince Ws. 2 foros a 5 Le TERE aN Pe Re a I 4 eS TS pede cat oer. = I I ee AR tae Viel Clabes I PG yates: sc chars I I RmMTAN Bt <5 > peynaege I PMO Dos ayo SAL cis I I SMES OE LENS 3 a'p dh 2 %e! | 3 I Ul Seta Orne | | I ON S0) cals Aaa eee | I 1 Motallven ers: | 297 | 27 | 230 | 15 || 50 ! 16 | 9 3 | 27 | 10 In this table are also included the results of the specimens caught in one trap lantern which was kept running during 1892, from May 20 to Oct. 1. In 1889 there were also taken two specimens of grandis, June THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 20 and 27, both males; four Azrticula, two males and two females, the former taken July 1 and 1g, the latter June 14 and July 22 ; two males of data taken June 1 ; two males of Azrsuta taken May 20 and June 3 ; and one male of guercus was taken June 1. In 1892, one male of grandis was taken June 21; three males of Azrticu/a on June 11, July 15 and 26; and two males of Azrsuta were taken on June 2 and 3. Thus eight species were represented in the trap lantern material; at least twenty-three species should be found in our State. From Table I. we learn that C7istocampa americana flies from June 17 to July 18, occurring in the greatest numbers during a period of about ten days from June 26 to July 4: over 92 per cent. of the moths being taken at this time. Table II. shows that Fe/tia subgothica is excessively abundant in this locality, nearly 2,400 specimens having been taken. I believe that more specimens of this moth were taken than of any other species of insect. Although the species flies from July 12 to Sept. 18, there is nothing to indicate more than one brood. Other experiments at the Insectary show that the insect hibernates in the larval state, and it is said that the change to a pupa takes place about July r. As will be seen in the table, the adults appear in the greatest numbers from Aug. 14 to Sept. 6, over 97 per cent. of the moths being taken during these three weeks. A glance at Table III. will show that fusca is by far the most numer- ous species in our vicinity ; out of 694 specimens of Zachnosterna taken in the two years, 83 per cent. of them are fusca. Dubia and ilicis are comparatively common, while Airticula, hirsuta, grandis, balia and guercus are rare. In 1889 fusca flew from May 19 to June ro and reached its climax on June 1, when 39 per cent. of them were taken. In 1892, however, fusca did not begin to fly until May 26 and stopped June 28, and it was the most numerous from June 13 to 28, or about two weeks later than in 1889. Airsuta, balia and guercus seem to appear at about the same time as fusca, that is, during May and June. But ilicis, grandis and hirticuda do not appear until the latter part of June and during July. No Lachnosterna were taken after July 30, although the lanterns were run until Oct. 15, thus indicating that the emergence of the beetles in the fall is very uncommon, if it happens at all. This is confirmatory evidence of the conclusion which Prof. Forbes, of Illinois, and Prof, Perkins, of Vermont, have reached in their recent 86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. studies of these insects. In the case of the three species which fly later in the season, it is possible that they either pass the winter as pup or do not pupate until spring. The most striking thing to be learned, however, from each of these tables is the great disparity in numbers between the males and females caught. The males greatly outnumber the females in every instance. Only about 17 per cent. of the C/zszocampa americana in Table I. were females. But a little over 6 per cent. of the Fe/tia subgothica in Table II. were females, while nearly 41 per cent. of jacu/ifera were of this sex. Less than 12 per cent. of the Lachnosterna fusca in Table III. taken in 1889, and but little over 6 per cent. of those taken in 1892, were females ; with dubia the proportion of females is greater, being about 32 per cent.; no females of z/¢cis were taken in either year. This great preponderance of the males over the females has also been noticed in every other species of the trap lantern material which has been studied of whatever order. It indicates that the males are much more active than the females, and is of the greatest importance when consider- ing the insecticidal value of the trap lantern. For undoubtedly many of the males have copulated before being caught, and enough others remain uncaptured to fertilize the remaining females. Therefore the perpetuation of the species is provided for, and the insecticidal value of the lantern is rendered too small to be practicable. BOOK NOTICE. THE BUTTERFLIES OF NortH AMERICA. Third Series, Part XIII. Another part of Mr. Edwards’s magnificent work has just appeared, and for beauty of illustration and interest of the letter-press, it perhaps surpasses all previously issued parts. The first plate shows the type of Chionobas Chryxus, var. Calais, Scudder, and the accompanying letter- press gives some interesting data coilected by Mr. T. E. Bean concerning a similar form found at Banff, in the Rocky Mountains. The second plate shows in full all stages of the rare Canadian species, C. /utta. This is accompanied by 14 pages of letter-press, in which nearly every- thing that is known concerning this species in America is related in a most entertaining manner. To the Rev. T. W. Fyles, F. L. S., of South Quebec, belongs the honour of being the only person so far who has reared Jutta from the egg to imago and described the different stages. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 What the writer deems the most interesting feature in the life of this species is referred to, but Mr. Edwards’s view of the matter seems to be different from his. Speaking of larvee which hibernate after the first or second moult of a brood, part of which reach full growth the first autumn, he says :—‘If any of these small larvae run their full course, it seems certain that their butterflies should show themselves at least a month later than the rs5th of June, and I do not understand why there is not a second flight.” The writer has had the opportunity four times of breed- ing the species from the egg through the first winter, and all of the specimens hatched from eggs laid at Ottawa, Quebec, Banff and Nepigon, went into hibernation after the first or second moult ; one larva, however, of five sent by Mr. Edwards, fed straight on and reached full growth before winter set in. Those which reyived the following spring fed slowly and did not attain full growth until the autumn, as related of this species and of Chionobas Macounii in Annual Report Ent. Soc., Ont., 1888, p. 7. The third plate, also, figures two rare species of the same genus, which may be included in the Canadian fauna, Cramdis, from .Labrador, and a mountain species, named Lrucez by Mr. Edwards, which has been taken by Mr. Bean, at Banff. The preparatory stages of the latter are beautifully illustrated in great detail, and it is seen that the larva resembles very closely that of C. Semidea. There are some critical notes concerning the synonymy of some allied species, which will be read with interest by students of this difficult genus. We feel sure that all entomologists will hail with pleasure the appear- ance of this superb contribution to the knowledge of our Diurnal Lepi- doptera, and we trust that the talented and genial author may be spared for many years to carry on this great work which has cost him so much. J. FLETCHER. [We were delighted to hear that Mr. Edwards has received a grant of $500 from the Bache Fund of the National Academy of Sciences to assist him in the completion of his publication on the Butterflies of North America.—Ep. Can. ENT. ] 88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. NOTES. LUMINOUS WORMS. Driving from Hudson to Como on the 23rd of September, 1892, about 8 p.m., the night being warm and damp, I was much surprised to see on the hard road something luminous, emitting quite as strong a light as the glow-worm in England. We stopped quickly, but before I could get back the few yards it had disappeared. Some half mile further we passed another, which also, before I could get to it, disappeared. Can any of your readers say what these were? ‘Their sudden disappearance and our failing to find them, though we struck a match in both cases, would lead me to think they were some sort of earth worm, as these draw themselves quickly into their holes when disturbed. How else is their sudden disappearance to be accounted for ? LacHLaNn GIBB. The cells of AZegachile, which I send, were found in rather a peculiar place last September, being attached to the trimmings of a dress which was inside a wooden chest placed on a gallery in Montreal. LACHLAN GIBB. CORRESPONDENCE. LARVOPHAGOUS CATERPILLARS. Sir: On reading in the issue of the CanapIan EnTomococtst for January of Larvophagous caterpillars of P. philenor, 1 was reminded of an observation which I made last summer. I had at that time several larvee of Danias archippus in a wire cage, and supplied them frequently with milkweed leaves, which they devoured voraciously. On one occasion, owing to a delay in getting leaves, their supply became exhausted, and in a short time—not more than an hour or two, I should think—one of them attacked another which was about to change to a chrysalis, and began eating it. Some of the others joined, and by the time the leaves were obtained fully half of the unfortunate caterpillar had disappeared. They ate it very slowly, not being hungry enough to relish it, I suppose. My brother tells me that he has seen a larva of P. asterias greedily eating the chrysalis of one of its kind which was hung on a fence. WituiaM L. W. FIELD, Guildford, Conn. Mailed February 28th. The Canadian Vantomotogist. SOME NEW LOCUSTIDA FROM INDIANA. BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA, During the past four years the writer has been getting together a collection of Zocustide trom various parts of. the State of Indiana, with a view of preparing a general descriptive paper of the species of that family found in the State. In working over the material thus gathered thirty-seven species are found to be represented, four of which are evi- dently new to science. Of the four, three belong to the genus Orchedt- mum and one to the genus Conocephalus. The former genus is repre- -sented in the collection by ten species and the latter by four. Below is ‘given a description of each of the four species believed to be new, together with such: notes concerning the distribution of each as I find in my field note-book. ConocEepHALus, Thunberg. Conocephalus palustris, NOV. sp. A small but comparatively heavy-bodied species, having the cone of the vertex devoid of black markings and without a basal tooth ; oviposi- tor very short and broad; posterior femora armed beneath on both carine. Cone of the vertex short and stout, the tip round, the deflexed front with a dull median carina. Pronotum short, broad, the posterior margin regularly rounded, the lateral carinze well defined, the entire surface thickly and rather deeply punctate. Tegmina long and rather narrow, regularly rounded to the apex; of a more delicate texture than in either C. ensiger, Harris, or C. robustus, Scudder. Fore and middle femora with two short spines on the apical third of the lower outer carina. Hind legs short, the tibize but little more than half as long as the closed tegmina ; the femora with plainly visible spines on both of the inferior carine, eight on the outer and six on the inner. Ovipositor a little shorter than the hind, tibiz, broadest at a point about two-thirds the distance from the base, thence tapering regularly to a sharp apex. 90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, General colour a very bright grass green. Fastigium tipped with dull yellow, which extends half way down the sides. Labrum and apical segments of all the palpi a rose red tinged with violet. Tarsi somewhat infuscated. Antenne and apical third of ovipositor reddish-brown. Measurements.—Female—Length of body, 27 mm.; of fastigium in front of eye, 2.75 mm.; of pronotum, 7 mm.; of tegmina, 37 mm.; of hind femora, 20 mm.; of hind tibiz, 19.5 mm.; of ovipositor, 19 mm. This handsome species of Conocephalus belongs to the same group as C. robustus and C. crepitans, Scudder, but is smaller and of a more uni- form and brighter green than either of those species, besides having shorter legs, ovipositor, etc. It is described from a single female taken October 24, from the fallen grasses on the margins of a large low-land pond in Vigo county. This pond is surrounded on all sides by heavy timber, and its margins have yielded a number of interesting Orthoptera found nowhere else in the county. Among them are Leptysma margint- collis, Serv., Paroxya atlantica, Scudder, Anaxiphus pulicarius, Sauss., Phylloscirtes pulchellus, Uhler, and Xiphidium nigro-pleurum, Bruner. The first four mentioned are insects of a southern range, and perhaps C. palustris will in time be found to be more common southward. ORCHELIMUM, Serville. Orchelimum indianense, NOV. Sp. A slender-bodied insect, with a dark median streak dowa the face, and having the posterior femora unarmed beneath. The cone of the vertex is short, rather narrow, with a rounded apex. The tegmina narrow, taper- ing, a little shorter than the wings, and of a delicate, almost gauze-like, texture. Posterior femora slender, shorter than the closed tegmina. ‘Anal cerci of male of medium size, longer than the subgenital plate, tapering to a dull point; the basal tooth short, with a broad base and a very sharp point. The ovipositor of female of less than average width _and length, the apical half with a gentle upward curve. Colour of dried specimens: Tegmina and wings a transparent whitish, tinged with green on the front or lower, longitudinal nerves ; the cross nervules of the latter darker. Sides of pronotum and abdomen, and .all the femora, light green ; the tibiee and tarsi of a brownish hue. Face yellowish-white, with a dark fuscous stripe, the width of the labrum, starting with the mouth and passing upward to the vertex, where it narrows to the width of that organ ; then, broadening on the occiput, it passes back to the front border of the pronotum, where it divides into THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 two narrow streaks, which enclose a whitish area and extend a little beyond the posterior transverse suture, where they taper toan end. Sub- genital plate of male yellow. Basal third of ovipositor dark brown, the remainder light reddish-brown. Measurements.—Length of body, ¢, 17 mm.; 92, 17.5 mm.; of pro- notum, ¢ and 9, 4 mm:;; of tegmina, ¢, 20 mm.; ?, 18 mm.; of hind femora, ¢,14mm.; 9,145 mm; of ovipositor, 7.5 mm. This graceful and prettily marked species was found to be quite com- mon among the rank grasses and sedges growing about the margins of a tamarack swamp near Kewanna, Fulton county. It was first taken on August 26th and ayain on September 24th, when it appeared more plen- tiful than before. It is the smallest and most slender of the ten species of the genus so far known to occur in the State, and its markings are very distinct from those of any of the others. Orchelimum campestre, Nov. sp. A species of less than medium size, with the wing-covers narrow and of almost equal width throughout, the posterior femora unarmed beneath, and the ovipositor short and narrow. Cone of the vertex prominent, narrow, rounded at the apex ; the sides of the frontal deflexed portion rapidly converging to form a very acute wedge. Wing-covers long, narrow, not widened in the middle as in O. vulgare, concinnum, etc., tapering slightly on the apical third to a rounded end ; their length equalling that of the wings in the ¢, a little shorter in the @. Posterior femora with the basal half quite stout, the length less than that of the tegmina. Cerci of male slender, cylindrical, somewhat pointed, the apical half curved slightly outwards, the basal tooth short and weak. Ovipositor short, narrow, moderately upcurved, and tapering to a delicate point. Colour.—Tegmina and wings almost uniform transparent olivaceous brown. The usual dark reddish-brown band upon the occiput and disk of pronotum is margined on the latter with two very narrow and darker brown stripes, which extend back to the middle of the posterior lobe of the pronotum. Face, and usually the hind femora, a dirty olive brown ; the latter, when dry, with a blackish longitudinal band on the exterior face. In the female the only green on the body is on the lower part of the sides of the pronotum and on the anterior femora. The only male at hand has the posterior femora green, but otherwise is coloured like the females. Ovipositor light reddish-brown, 99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. -Measurements.—Iength of body, ¢, 17.5 mm.; 9, 1g mm.; of prono- him, oa sam. ; 9:55 mm.; of tegmuna, od), 620.5) Mim s::940-24.5) aa of antenne, ¢, 46 mm.; of posterior femora, ¢, 17 mm.; 9, 17.5 mm.; of ovipositor, 7 mm. This dull coloured grasshopper has been found in small numbers in both Vigo and Fulton counties, in upland prairie meadows, where it frequents the tall grasses, usually in company with X7phidium strictum, Scudder. It is a smaller and more slender bodied insect than the common O. vulgare, Harris, and has a shorter and narrower pronotum and a much smaller ovipositor than that species. Orchelimum Bruneri, nov. sp. . A species of about the same length, but less robust than O. vulgare, Harris, having the posterior femora armed beneath, and the ovipositor very broad, nearly straight and of more than average length. Cone of the vertex narrow, moderately elevated, rounded at apex. Tegmina long and narrow, a little shorter than the wings. Posterior femora rather stout, the apex, when appressed, not quite reaching the tip of ovipositor ; armed beneath on the apical half with three or four small spines, Cerci of male stout, acuminate, with the internal tooth prominent. Ovipositor very similar to that of O. g/adiator, Bruner, being very long and stout, nearly straight above, and with the under side of apical third sloping rapidly to the acute apex. Colour of dried specimens.—With the exception of the ovipositor, which is a light reddish-brown, and the usual stripe on occiput and disk of pronotum, the whole body is a pale, transparent brownish-green, the green showing plainly only on the lower half of the side of pronotum and on the meso and metapleura. The reddish-brown dorsal stripe of occiput and pronotum is bordered laterally throughout its ev¢/re length with a very narrow one of much darker brown. When immersed in alcohol the reddish-brown stripe fades to a yellowish white, leaving the two lateral ones as prominent dark streaks, widest on the central portion of the frontal disk. Measurements.—Length of body, ¢, 18 mm.; @, 20.5 mm.; of teg- mina, ¢,21mm.; ¢, 25 mm.; of pronotum, ¢ and 9, 4.75 mm.; of hind femora, ¢, 16.5 mm.; ?, 18 mm.; of ovipositor, romm, Described from 2 fsandq Qs. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93 This species, the female of which is at once conspicuous by reason of the shape and size of its ovipositor, has been taken in small numbers only in Vigo Co., where it is found during August and September on the leaves and stems of a tall, broad-leaved knot-weed, Polygonum amphibium, L., which grows luxuriantly in the shallow waters about the margins of two or three large ponds in the Wabash River bottoms. Several other “ green grasshoppers,” notably among which are Xiphidium attenuatum, Scudder, and Orchelimum nigripes, Scudder, frequent this plant in immense num- bers. Keeping company with them an occasional specimen of O. Bruneri is seen, but, being an active leaper, it often escapes amidst the dense foliage of the knot-weed before its capture can be effected. Its less robust body and longer armed posterior femora will readily distinguish this species from O. g/adiator, the only ether one which, to my know- ledge, has an ovipositor shaped like that of Brumnert. The. latter is named in honor of Prof. Lawrence Bruner, of Lincoln, Nebraska, one of the leading authorities on N. A. Orthoptera. ON SOME BUTTERFLY LARVZ NOT HITHERTO DESCRIBED. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. PHYCIODES CARLOTA, Reak. Larva.—Head subcordate, apices slightly produced, mouth parts small; rough, tuberculate, hairy ; colour black, a narrow white line above the mouth. Body robust, with short and thick conical, densely-bristly spines, arranged thus: on joint 2 one short stigmatal and one substigmatal, * besides tubercles on the cervical shield; on joints 3-4, subdorsal, lateral and subventral; on 5-11, dorsal (single), suprastigmatal, substig- matal, 2 subventral ; on 12, two dorsal (in line), subdorsal, superstigmatal, substigmatal and subventral (small); on joint 13, two subdorsal (in line). Cervical shield, anal plate, feet outwardly and spiracles black ; body brownish-red, with a dorsal and subdorsal black shaded line, most distinct in the segmenta! incisures. Pupa.—sStraight on ventral side; thorax with no prominence; abdomen arched, with five rows of slight blunt points, which also occur on thorax at the angulations, but slighter. Colour grayish, dull brown mottlings on a white ground. Length,14mm.; width, 45 mm. Found on the ground feeding on an undetermined plant which was just Starting, at Denver, Colorado, April 30, 1891. O4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THECLA GRUNUS, Boisd. Larva.—Head testaceous, with a black shade on each side ; width, 1.2mm. Retracted beneath joint 2. Body flattened, tapering some- what posteriorly but rounded, the segments arched. A subdorsal and subventral ridge, not very prominent. Dark or bluish-green, without white granulations, but having minute, brownish, piliferous dots, quite densely distributed. Obscure geminate dorsal, single subdorsal, stigma- tal and subventral lines, pale whitish and broken, becoming later yellowish, and the subdorsal one distinct and almost continuous. The two subdorsal lines are 2.2 mm. apart. The pile on the body is longer and stiffer on the subventral ridge than elsewhere. A rounded, diamond-shaped, depressed, cervical shield situated about the centre of joint 2, on which the blackish, elevated, piliferous dots are smaller than elsewhere. Chrysalis.—Suspended by the cremaster and a loop of silk. Short, thick, flat on the ventral side, rounded dorsally, with a very slight depres- sion between the thorax and abdomen. Colour pale green, speckled with blackish (but faintly); a bright yellowish subdorsal line on the abdomen, faintly continued on the thorax, and a double dorsal row of yellowish dots on the abdomen. Duration of this stage, fifteen days. food plant.—The young leaves of the live oak (Quercus chrysolepis, Liebm.). Larvee from Yosemite, Cal. NEW NORTH AMERICAN MICROLEPIDOPTERA. BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. Crambus albilineellus, 0. sp. Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings dull ochre-yellow. The palpi are darker on the outside, and the subcostal, median and veins 5 to 1o are white. A stripe of lead-coloured scales extends from the base of the wing just above and parallel to vein r to the outer cross line, and a similar siripe occurs between this and the hind margin, Two lines cross the wing: The first is dark brown, and arising from a point a little before the middle of the costa forms an outward angle very near the costa and an inward angle on the subcostal vein, then a second outward angle is formed at the end cf the median vein and from this point the line runs more or less distinctly across to the middle of the hind margin. The second line is dark brown but finer, dentate and edged on the outside with lead coloured scales, and runs from the costa before or THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 the apex across to near the outer margin, thence across the wing nearly parallel with the outer margin. The space from the end of the cell to the apex is somewhat stained with brown. ‘The terminal line is fine, black, and with a row of black dots in it. The fringe is concolourous with the adjacent part of the wing, but with slight metallic reflections. Hind wings fuscous, fringe lighter. Described from one specimen taken in Southern California. Crambus coloradellus, n. sp. Expanse of wings, 22 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings, pale silvery straw colour; the palpi darker on the outside. A white stripe extends from the base of the wing through the cell to the outer margin, bifid beyond the cell. All the veins of the wing are more or less indicated by pale yellow, edged on each side with a more or less broken row of black scales. A pale yellow line crosses the wing at the end of the cell where it rounds outwardly and runs nearly straight and vertical to the hinder margin. ‘The outer line is curved within the apex and runs straight to the hinder margin. Both of these lines are faint, and the outer one is edged on the outside with silvery scales. The terminal row of black dots is in a straight line, and does not follow the margin at the lower part where it rounds outwardly. Fringes silvery metallic. Hind wings white, slightly stained with pale fuscous on the apex. Described from one example from Colorado. Alucita fishit, n. sp. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Thorax and fore wings pure white, the latter with a few brown atoms scattered over the costal part of the wing, and more abundant before the fissure, where it almost defines itself asa triangular spot with a curved outer side reaching to the costa, and beyond which on the costa are two equidistant brown spots. Fringe pure white. Hind wings and their fringes pure white. Abdomen white, head wanting in the single specimen before me, which was taken in Nevada by the late Mr. H. K. Morrison. I name this species for Mr. Charles Fish, of Brunswick, Me., who did such excellent work on our “ feather wings ” some years ago. Alucita elliottii, n. sp. Expanse of wings, from 23 to 25 mm. Head pale yellow(?). Thorax and fore wings pure white, the latter with a brown point before the cleft, an elongated brown spot on the costa over the base of the cleft, and a few brown atoms along the basal third of the fold. Hind wings and all the fringes pure white. 96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. This insect was received from the late Mr. Elliott, who bred it at his home in New York, but on what plant I did not learn. Alucita eupatorii, Fern. In 5855, Dr. Asa Fitch, in his first report as Entomologist of New York, published the description of his Pterophorus cretidactylus. In 1874, Prof. P. C. Zeller, in his ‘‘ Lepidoptera der Westkuste Amerika’s,” des- cribed what he supposed to be Fitch’s cretidactylus, under the generic name dematophorus, and it was again referred to by Lord Walsingham in his ‘‘ Pterophoridz of California and Oregon,” who sent specimens to Zeller for determination, and also kindly gave me specimens of this as ‘well as of nearly all of the species he described. Mr. Charles Fish took up the study of our Pterophoridz and described several species in this journal, and later purchased the types of Dr. Fitch, when he discovered that the species that had been so well described by Prof. Zeller was not Fitch’s species. Finally I purchased Mr. Fish’s collection, including not only his own types but also those of Dr. Fitch. I was then able to verify the determination of Mr. Fish, and with him to discover that Lord Walsingham had redescribed the true cretzdactylus, -Fitch, under the name of Gdematophorus occidentalis. The cretidactylus -of Zeller not being the true cvetidactylus of Fitch, must have a new name, and as it has been bred from Eujpatorium purpureum by Mr. Elliott, I have given it the specific name of ezpatoriz, as above. Coriscium cuculipennellum, Hb. I have received this species from Mr. M. V. Slinserland, of Cornell University, who bred it from ash at Ithaca, N.Y. This European species has not been observed in this country before, and is probably a recent importaiion. Iam under obligations to Lord Walsingham, who compared it with the European species, and determined it specifically for me. Mr. Slingerland also sent me what I believe to be a new species of Carposina, which he bred on currant. He wrote me as follows:—‘‘ The egg is laid on or within the berry, and the larva feeds upon the pulp, and sometimes the seeds, confining its work to a single berry. ‘The fruit soon dropped, and the larva left the berry, went into the ground and there pupated. The adults appeared in the spring about the time the currants were turning red. There was only one brood during the season.” The specimens received from Mr. Slingerland were in very poor condition, and I have decided not to describe the species till better specimens are obtained. The genus Carfosina has been placed among the Tineids, but it should be placed near Conchy/is among the Tortricids. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97 HINTS ON COLLECTING COLEOPTERA DURING THE WINTER. BY A. FORD, ST. LEONARDS-ON-SEA, SUSSEX, ENGLAND. During the winter the coleopterist in Britain finds a great deal to do in the way of collecting, as many species are to be met with at this season, which will probably not be found at any other period of the year. One of the principal methods of collecting during the winter is “ tuft-cutting ”, and it is astonishing the number of beetles which pass through the winter in tufts of grass. Those growing in damp places in woods and on the borders of ponds and streams are generally the most productive. _ They ‘should be cut off close to the roots, then shaken and pulled to pieces over a sheet of paper, which should be very carefully examined, otherwise many of the more minute species will be passed over. If the weather is too severe for this sort of work, the collector should provide himself with a strong -canyas bag, into which the tufts can be shaken, and the contents can then be examined at home at his leisure. Moss is also very productive at this season. Vast numbers of beetles may be found hibernating in moss in sheltered situations. This should be examined in the same way as the tufts. Haystacks are also good hunting grounds for the coleopterist. The loose refuse underneath the stack is usually the best part to work. Piles of faggots and logs in woods generally repay the collector fora care- ful examination. Numbers of beetles are to be found at the roots of grass, especially on sandy banks, where the grass grows in patches. They are always found as close as possible to the roots, and many -of them har- monize so well with the ground that it requires a very. careful search to discover them. By carefully working a bank of this description one winter I obtained over one hundred species of Coleoptera, including several “rarities”. I may add, the bank was only about thirty yards long by two broad. Of course, there are many species of wood-boring beetles to be found in the winter months, as also many others which occur in various species of fungi. A diligent collector will doubtless add many species, and probably some “rarities” to his collection, if he takes the trouble to look for them during the winter months, and if the foregoing remarks prove of any service to those interested in Coleoptera, I shall be amply repaid for the trouble of writing them. 98 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. THE BUTTERFLIES OF GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. BY ROBT. H. WOLCOTT. Grand Rapids, Michigan, is situated in the western part of the State, thirty miles from Lake Michigan, in N. lat. 42° 58’, in W. long. 85° 40’, with an altitude of between 600 and 700 feet. The underlying forma- tion, outcropping in the bed of the river, is the subcarboniferous lime- stone, and the soil is for the most part a sandy or gravelly loam. The | surface of the surrounding country is rolling and diversified by numerous small lakes, with tamarack swamps and peat bogs scattered here and there. The timber is mainly hard wood, but now and then an aged, solitary, pine or a group of younger pines in an out-of-the-way nook re- minds us of the fact that we are within the limits of the pine region, while much of the land formerly covered by pine is now occupied by a growth of low oak scrub. The flora is of a mixed character, the locality being just within the pine belt, and the Grand River valley also forming the northern limit of many southern species, such as the papaw, tulip- tree, honey locust, flowering dogwood, tupelo, etc. The mean annual temperature is about 47°, and the average annual rainfall about 36 inches, while the season lasts usually from the middle of April to the fore part of October. The fall of 1890, however, was an unusually late one, and many species were on the wing till the end of October, Co/éas philo- dice being seen even on the 6th (about a dozen) and on the zoth (one) of November. The following list of species is the result of ten years’ observation, and covers the immediate vicinity of Grand Rapids within a radius of about ten miles :— 1. Danais archippus.—Very common. Appearance as follows: The hibernating individuals, from the middle of May to late in June; of the first brood, the larvae in June, the butterflies from early in July to August 15th ; of the second brood, the larvz late in July and early in August, the butterflies from the end of August to the middle of September ; of the third brood, the larvae in September, the butterflies in October and, after hibernation, again the next May. It is thus three-brooded, and if we dis- regard the time spent in hibernation, the life of each brood is from two to two and a-half months. It is a very strong flyer, and is often seen hover- ing about the tops of trees at a considerable distance from the ground, especially near sunset, when seeking a hiding place for the night. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 2. Huptoieta claudia.—One specimen; Lamberton Lake, in July, 1887. 3. Argynnis tdalia.—Rare. Taken at Lamberton Lake during the early part of July; is not as strong a flyer as are our other larger Argynnids. 4. Argynnis cybele—Common. From the end of June to the middle of August, frequenting, with the other species of the genus, low, wet ground. 5. Argynnis aphrodite—Common. Flies from about the first week in July to the end of August. 6. Argynnis alcestis.—Not rare, but less common than the preceding, from which it may be told in most cases, even on the wing, by its more ruddy colouring. 7. Argynnis myrina.—Common. ‘Two broods during the season, the first flying from June roth to the middle of July, the second from the early part of August through September. A worn specimen was taken in 1890 as late as the 8th of October. Prof. E. A, Strong, once of this place, now of Ypsilanti, Mich., is of the opinion that this species was formerly rather rare. 8. Argynnis beliona.—Common. Two-brooded, appearing from May roth to June rsth, and from July 1st to August 15th, 9. Melitea phaeton.—Common at several localities, from which, how- ever, it never strays. One damp, boggy meadow, where it was formerly very abundant, has been recently drained and part of it cultivated, the result being the extinction of the species at that place. Here were taken all of the three specimens of the var. superba, of the capture of which I know. The species flies from the end of June to the latter part of July. 10. Melitea harrisii.—Rare. Taken over low meadows from the middle of May to the middle of June. 11. Phyciodes nycteis—Sometimes quite common. Two-brooded, ap- pearing in June and again in August, 12. Phyciodes carlota.—One specimen, the date of which is lost, but taken, I think, early in June ; a fresh example. 13. Phyciodes tharos.—Common. Two broods ; the first form, mor- pheus, flying from June roth to July 15th; the second, marcia, from the early part of August into September. A worn specimen was taken October 8th, 1890. 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 14. Grapta interrogationis. — Common most years, some quite abundant. Flies in early spring up to June 15th; the larve of the first brood appear about the end of June, and the butterflies are on the wing from July roth to the end of the month; a second brood of larve is found about that time, and: these give butterflies from the roth to the end of August ; the third brood flies late in fall and hibernates. The hiber- nating butterflies are mostly fabriciz, while wmbrosa is more abundant in the summer broods. 15. Grapta conma —Common. Flies from early spring to the first of June, again, the form dryas, from July 1st to August 15th, while the second and hibernating brood appears late in the fall. 16. Grapta progne.—Rather common. Early in spring, again in July and August, and a second brood late in the fall hibernating. 17. Graptu j-album.—Not common, though much more so than formerly. Appears early in September, and flies throughout the fall and again in early spring. Our hardiest butterfly, appearing at any time in the winter that the weather is at all favourable. Under date of January 3rd, 1892, I have this note: ‘“‘ Coldest day of winter thus far, the thermometer registering, at 7 a.m., 11°, and though the sun shining brightly all day, the snow only melting in sheltered spots. At 4 p.m. took a G. 7-a/bum resting, wings erect, on the snow in the middle of the sidewalk of a well-travelled street. Was chilled, but soon revived in the house.” All the Graptas, together with Van. antiopa, are common early in the spring around trees from which sap is flowing. 18. Vanessa antiopa.—Very common. Sometimes becoming a pest by defoliating young elms. Usually three-brooded, the hibernators flying from early spring to the end of May, the larve of the first brood appear- ing early in June, and the butterfiies from the roth of the month to the 20th of July; the larvee of the second brood are found in the fore part of July, the butterflies during August ; of the third brood, the hibernating individuals, the larvee in September, the butterflies from September z2oth onward. 19. Vanessa milbertii—Common ; inclined to be local. Three broods, appearing as follows: The hibernating specimens from early in spring to June 15th; of the first brood, the larve during the latter part of May and early in June, the butterflies from the end of June to July 15th; the larve of the second brood in July, the butterflies during THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 101 August ; the larvee of the third or hibernating brood during the latter part of August, the first butterflies about September 2oth. I have noticed in a few instances the construction of a web by colonies of young larve. 20. Pyrameis atalanta.—Common. Two-brooded. The hibernating individuals are seen from the end of April to the latter part of June ; the larve of the first brood may be found in June, the butterflies from July roth to August 15th; the larve of the second brood during August, the butterflies from the 15th of September. 21. Pyrameis huntera.—Common. Two-brooded, flying in the latter part of June and in July, and again in September and October, being then most abundant in clover fields. Hibernating specimens occur, no doubt, early in spring, but I have no record of observations at that time. 22. Pyrameis cardui.—Usually common, but some years quite infre- quent. In 1884 was very abundant throughout the season, the thistles and burdocks being stripped, and the nettles, ma!lows, sunflowers and holly- hocks also attacked. It is usually two-brooded, flying from the latter part of May through June; again, from larve in June, in July and August ; and again, the second brood of the year, from the second week in September onward. 23. Limenitis ursula.—Rather comsaon, though formerly rare. Two- brooded, flying during June and early July and again in the latter part of August. It is very much attached to certain localities, and in one door yard for several years it has never failed to appear, at any time during its season, one having to wait but a few minutes to see one or more. It likes to fly along paths in woods and, like d@ési:ppus and the species of Pyrameis, Grapta and Vanessa, has the bad taste to frequent heaps of decaying animal and vegetable refuse. 24. Limenitis disippus Common. ‘Two-brooded. The first brood flies during June, the second from August 15th through September, one being seen on one occasion on the 8th of October. It frequents especial- ly willow bushes lining the banks of streams. 25. Apatura clyton.—One specimen of the form proserpina taken by Mr. L. S. Livingston, a former local collector, a few miles east of the city, on the 15th of July, 1885. 1 am also informed by Prof. E. A. Strong that two or three were taken near the city some years ago. 26. Meonympha canthus—Common during July, frequenting low grounds and swampy meadows. 102 HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27. LVeonympha eurytris—Common. In June in open woods. 28. Veonympha mitchelli.—July 1st, 1885, three years before the species was described, I found it rather common near South Grand Rapids in company with cazthus, but had neither specimens nor authori- ties from which to pronounce upon its newness. Have found it quite common at the same locality, a bog some two acres in extent, every year since, from the rst to the 15th of July. It is readily told on the wing by its dark colour, small size, and weak flight ; but owing to its fragility and its habit of flitting low amongst grass and weeds, perfect specimens in any number are difficult to obtain. 29. Satyrus alope-—Formerly found here, as I learn from older collectors, but disappeared several years ago. 30. Satyrus nephele.—TVhis form is now common in July at two or three localities—low, wet meadows—and specimens are found of the var. olympus and others approaching var. nephe/e. 31. Libythea bachmani.—One specimen taken in August, 1883, by Mr. C. S. Osborne, a local collector, and another by myself in 1887. August 21, 1885, Mr. L. S. Livingston found a nearly full-grown larva of this species beneath a hackberry tree at the same locality at which the butterflies were captured, and at which the Apatura clyton was taken. 32. Calephelis borealis.—Taken in July at two or three localities, but only at allcommon in two low, wet, grassy areas near Lamberton Lake, each less than an acre in extent. 33. Zhecla acadica.—Common in July, frequenting especially the flowers of butterfly-weed and New Jersey tea. 34. Thecla edwardsii.—Rather common, in company with the next, late in June and early in July, on the leaves of low scrub oaks. 35. Zhecla calanus.—Quite common, and like the preceding, has a curious habit when resting on a leaf of rubbing the upper surfaces of its - wings together, giving the tails an upward and downward motion. 36. Zhecla strigosa.—Rare. July, on the butterfly-weed and New Jersey tea. 37- Thecla niphon (?)—In my notes under the date of May 2, 188s, I have this observation: “ A Zhecla (Viphon ?) was seen but was unable to capture it.” This could have been none of the other species named, and from the date and our being in a pine region, am inclined to think it this species, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 > 38. Zhecla titus—Common, Appearing about the middle of July and flying a month or so, frequenting particularly the butterfly-weed. 39. Chrysophanus thoe—Common, especially in tracts of blue flag from June roth to the rst of July, and from August 15th to the middle of September. 40. Chrysophanus epixanthe.—Very common at Lamberton Lake, flying over tracts of shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa). Ihave taken it from June roth to September roth, and it is common at all times between, though I think there are two broods in reality. 41. Chrysophanus hypophleas.—Common. Flies from May roth to June 15th, from July 15th to August 15th, and again from September 2oth to October 9th, when I have seen worn specimens. It is thus apparently three-brooded, but I believe that of the larve from the summer brood some mature and give imagos in the fall, while others go over to spring, and that it is really two-brooded. 42. Lycena lygdamus.—Rare. Late in April and early in May along muddy cow-paths. Very local. 43. Lycena pseudargiolus.—Form vivlacea is not common, appear- ing in April and early May, while weg/ecta is a common form from June roth to the latter part of August, and seems in some specimens to ap- proach var. pseudargiolus. 44. Lycena comyntas.—Common in May on willow blossoms. Again found from July r5th to August 15th, delighting in wet, muddy places in woods. In 1890, fresh specimens were taken again September 2oth, but I believe these were disclosed from chrysalides which should have gone over till the next spring. 45. Pieris protodice—Very common in fall from August roth to the end of September, but the spring form, vernadis, is rather rare, appearing from the end of April to the middle of June. 46. Pieris oleracea.—Not common. Low ground; in May and again in July and August. 47. Pieris rape.—Very common. Several broods, appearing con- tinually throughout the season. ‘The earliest of my dates is April 7th, the jatest October 13th. The species was here when I began collect- ing in 1883 and I have taken it ever since. Am unable to give the date of its first appearance. . 48. Meganostoma cesonia.—Formerly found here, I am told, but rare. 49. Colias eurytheme.—Once seen, July 2oth, 1886, 104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. é a 50. Colias philodice.—Very common and producing about four broods in a season, its appearance some seasons being nearly continuous from the first of May to the end of October, and in 1890 seen November 2oth. Occasionally in spring a form resembling anthya/e is seen, expanding but 1.5 inches. Var. a/ba is more abundant in the late summer broods. A third variety occurs which I have nowhere found described, but which is distinct from any variety given in Smith’s List, and seems to me-to merit a varietal name. Colias philodice, var. lutettincta, nov. var.—Differs from the norma] philodice in the possession of an orange shade upon the primaries ex- tending from the middle of the posterior margin to the median vein, shad- ing off in all directions into the yellow ground colour, and occupying exactly the position of the orange patch in Col. eurytheme, var. ariadne. The secondaries also in most specimens show an orange flush in the central portion. I first met this form in company with eurytheme and philodice in August, 1885, at Batavia, Ills., and supposed the specimens to be hybrids. But have since taken it at different times at Grand Rapids, where eurytheme has been seen but once, and have collected in all about a dozen specimens, one of them a female. I find the colouring very constant and sufficiently marked to distinguish the form even when on the wing. Have recently seen a specimen in a collection at Lansing, Mich. Edwards figures an orange variety and suggests the possibility of its being a hybrid between the two species, eurytheme and philodice ; it is not like this and appears much more likely to be, as suggested, a hybrid. 51. Zertas lisa.—Rare. One specimen taken east of the Michigan Soldiers’ Home, August 10, 1891. 52. Papilio ajax.—Formerly rare, but has been becoming constantly more common with the spread of the papaw, upon which it feeds, till now it is very common in the southern part of the country and quite so at Grand Rapids, especially in the vicinity of its food-plant. Vars. telamonides and wadshii fly from the early part of May to the latter part of June, and marce//us from the end of July to the end of September. 53- Papilio turnus.—Common from the end of May to the early part of July, congregating about wet places in roads, etc. Var. g/aucus is rare. ‘Two specimens have been taken on the wing and one reared from a larva collected on cultivated cherry. 54. Papilio cresphontes.—Not uncommon in June. a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 ee ~— —————— ae 55. Papilio asterias.—Rather common. ‘Two-brooded, the first being on the wing from the end of May to the first of July, the second during August and fore part of September. 56. Papilio troilus.—Our most common Pagilio. Two-brooded, fly- ing from the middle of May to the end of June, and from the beginning of August to September. In one case a battered specimen was taken September 25th. 57. Ancyloxypha numitor.—Common. One brood in June and another in August. Flies in low, wet meadows. 58. Zhymelicus poweshiek.—Common at Lamberton Lake in July. In flight and habits generally much like the preceding. 59. Pamphila hobomok.—Common. June. More abundant at cer- tain localities, and, like all the species of Pamphila, seems to prefer low, swampy tracts and wet meadows. Several specimens of the var. foco- hontas have been taken. 60. Pamphila sassacus.—Rather common in June in company with mystic and peckius. 61. Pamphila leonardus.—Rare. Flies from August roth to the end of the month. 62. Pamphila egeremet.—Not common. July. 63. Lamphila peckius.—Very common. Apparently two-brooded, one brood appearing early in June, the other during the first week in August. 64. Pamphila mystic—Common. From early June to the middle of July. 65. Pamphila cernes.—Very common. ‘Two broods during a season, one flying from June roth to July 15th, the other from August 15th to the end of September. In 18go, took a fresh female on October 4th. A female taken in July, 1892, differs from the normal form in an almost entire lack of fulvous in the cell, 66. Pamphila manataagua.—One specimen, July 14th, 1892. 67. Pamphila metacomet.—Rather rare.. Flies during the latter part of July. 68. Pamphila bimacula.—One female taken July 20th, 1892. 69. Pamphila pontiac—Common in July. Have a male specimen in which the under surface of one secondary is suffused with brownish so as to completely obscure the normal pattern of the wing. 70. Pamphila dion.—Common in July, last year, at one locality in company with pontiac, and upon the wing much resembling that species, 106 THE CANADIANENTOMOLOGIST. The range is much wider than given in French, as I have specimens from Western New York. 71. Pamphila delaware.—Usually not very common, but last year was quite abundant at two or three localities. Flies in July. 72. LVisoniades brizo.—Not common. Appears early in May. 73. Wisoniades icecdus.—Rather common from the end of May, through June, and once taken, a battered example, as late as July r4th. 74. LWisoniades luctlius.—Found, but not common, in June. 75. LVisoniades persius.—Not common. Flies about the end of May. 76. Wisoniades juvenalis—Common in June. The species of JViso- niades seem to appear in spring about in this order: first dr7zo, then éceZus, persius and juvenalis, and lastly /uctlius. They all delight in recent clearings in the woods and in tracts of bushes, stumps and brush-heaps. 77. Pholisora catullus.—Common. Two-brooded, appearing in June and again in September, the second brood being especially common around door yards and waste places where grow different species of Amarantus, especially A. albus. The larve are also found on Chenopo- dium album. 78. Eudamus pylades.—Quite common. Seen in spring from the middle of May to the middle of June, preferring open woods. ~ 79. EHudamus tityrus—Common, From the end of May to the middle of July, but seems to prefer a solitary life and more than two or three are never seen at any one time. From this list it appears that 79 species of butterflies have been taken at this locality ; one or two remarks, perhaps, would be of value concern- ing certain ones. As tothe Papilios, from information received from Prof. E. A. Strong, who began to collect at this place some thirty years ago, it appears that f¢roz/us has constantly grown more common, and asterias and turnus less sO ; ajax was once extremely rare, and the first cresphontes was not taken till some years after Mr. Strong came here, though he is unable to give me the exact date. Pieris rapa has, of course, appeared in comparatively recent times, and as it has become more common, Mr. Strong thinks Arotodice has decreased in numbers, while o/eracea is certainly much less common than it was ten years ago. Sat. alope, once taken, has disappeared and xephele become common, but not however at the same locality. Arg. myrina, Grapta j-album and Zim. ursuda have also grown more common of recent years, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107 I desire in closing to call attention to one locality near this city which is, it seems to me, a remarkably productive one, and that is the vicinity of Lamberton Lake. Upon one day last summer, July r4th, I observed there 34 species, ina tract less than a mile in length :—Dan. archippus, Arg. aphrodite, alcestis, myrina, bellona, Mel. phaeton, Phyc. nycteis (worn), tharos, Grapta comma var. dryas, progne, Van, antiopa, Lim. ursula, disippus (worn), JVeon. canthus, eurytris, Sat. nephele, Cad. borealis, Thecla acadica, edwardsii, calanus, Chrys. hypophlaeas, epix- anthe, Pier. rapa, Col. philodice, Pap. asterias (one), Thym. poweshiek, Pam. peckius, cernes, pontiac, egeremet, mystic, delaware, manataaqua, and JVis. icelus (worn). A very long list, it seems to me, for one day in one locality. TRYPHON FLAVIFRONS, N. S. BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, F. L. S., SOUTH QUEBEC. Antenne, filiform, brown; number of joints, twenty-seven; scape, large, ovate, pale yellow beneath. Eyes naked, large and prominent, dark rosy brown. Clypeus, Jabrum, mandibles and palpi pale yellow. The lower portions of the epicranium are of the same colour. The occiput is black, smooth and glossy. Mesothorax highly convex, black, sparsely set with short, pale-brown, retrorse hairs. Scutellum elevated. Tegulz yellow. The under parts of thorax amber-coloured, as are also the legs, with the exception of the tarsi and parts of the tibiz of the hindmost pair, which are brown. Wings hyaline. Costal and sub-costal nervures coalesce: stigma large ; basal nervure much curved inwardly; the second transverse cubital nervure wanting ; third submarginal cell large ; second transverse cubital nervure short and straight ; recurrent nerves straight and parallel ; second discoidal cell rather small. Abdomen long, flattened, sessile, black above, yellow beneath. Ovi- positor black, short and straight, the case set with black bristles beneath. Length of body, three-tenths of an inch, and of antennz two-tenths. Expanse of wings, four-tenths. The fly makes its appearance in August. Described from six specimens obtained from Nematus larve that had fed on a species of poplar (P. no/esti) imported from Russia, and that had gone into cocoon, 108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE SONG OF THYREONOTUS. BY WILLIAM T. DAVIS, STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. Mr. Samuel H. Scudder, in the Report of the Ontario Entomological Society for 1892, gives an interesting account of the “Songs of Our Grasshoppers and Crickets,” and kindly permits the stridulations of a number of Staten Island insects to be heard mid the general medley. There is, however, an additional songster to be added to this list, as appears from the following. On the 26th of last June I heard in a moist pasture, on the north shore of the Island, a stridulation that was unknown to me. It much resembled that produced by Orchelimum vulgare, with the preliminary zip, zip, omitted. It was a continuous z ¢¢e, with an occasional short zk, caused by the insect getting its wing-covers ready for acticn after a period of silence. It was too early for Orchelimum vulgare by about a week; at least I have never heard one on the Island before the fourth of July; so in the present instance I made careful search for the musician. In due time I discovered, in a tussock of rank swamp grass, the brown songster perched on a dead leaf, and receiving the evidently welcome rays from the afternoon sun. It was Thyreonotus pachymerus, and in the swampy field about me I heard others of its kind, so that this individual was only one of a considerable colony. A failure to make proper use of his legs (the wings are abortive), resulted in the transfer of Thyreoriotus from the tussock to atin can., At home I made a bowery for him ina larger tin can covered with netting, into which was introduced a branch of the coriaceous leaved post oak, and when the leaves dried, there were innumerable nooks and crannies wherein to hide. Usually, however, the insect. did not hide at all, but perched himself on one of the topmost leaves and there waved his antennee after the manner of all long-horned Orthoptera. Starting with rasp- berries, he had the rest of the fruits in their season, including watermelon, of which he showed marked appreciation. If I offered him a raspberry, and then gradually drew it away, he would follow in the direction of the departing fruit and would finally eat it from my hand. As the bowery was kept in my bed room, I had the full benefit of the songs of its occupant, and was often awakened in the night by his sud- den, alarm-like outburst of melody. He stridulated with unabated zeal to the first of August, when I noticed that his ene#gies were lagging—he THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 seemed to be much less sprightly. Finally his song, instead of filling the room, was but a faint sound, and I was obliged to place my ear close to the tin can. This was nearing the end, which came either on the tenth or eleventh of September, I cannot say which, for the bowery was not dis- turbed until its occupant had been missing from the upper leaves for several days. Once or twice during his captivity he took unnecessary alarm at my well-meant efforts to ‘‘fix” the bowery, and whacked his head most insanely against the tin can, being propelled thereto by his muscular hind legs. However, no harm seemed to result from these little fits of nervous- ness, and he evidently died quietly enough in the end. I.have observed in other kinds of grasshoppers the subsidence in the volume-.of song as they grew older, which evidently makes it unsafe to take the efforts of a single individual as the standard of the species, especially if the time is late in the fall. NOTES ON LEUCANIA PSEUDARGYRIA, GUEN. BY REY. THOMAS W. FYLES, F. L. S., SOUTH QUEBEC, full-grown larva.—Length, two inches. Colour greenish-brown above, greenish-grey beneath. Pale dorsal and side lines. Spiracles black. Head and scale on second segment light reddish-brown ; jaws darker brown. This description agrees with that given: by Mr. Caulfield in Vol. XIII. of the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 132. The larve, like those of Arzama obliquata, feed in the stems of Zypha latifolia. The two species may sometimes be found in the same plant. ‘They are plentiful in the swampy ground at the foot of Mount Royal, Montreal. Both sometimes become the prey of the maggots of Chatopsis aenea, Wied. fupa.—Length, one inch and a-quarter. Colour light brick-red. Forepart rounded abruptly and terminating in a beak-like projection, resembles the head of a bird. Thoracic portion of case curves backward on either side to a point. Wing cases large. My specimens underwent the pupal change amongst the accumulated frass in their tunnels ; but doubtless the larvze sometimes leave the food- plant and seek hibernacula elsewhere, as do those of Arzama obliquata. ‘(See Mr. Caulfield’s notes referred to above.) 110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, TWO NEW CYNIPIDS FROM WASHINGIUON STATE. BY C. P, GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLO. In February of last year I received a box of galls from Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington, for identification. The galls were taken from Rubus Nutkanus, and the flies reared from them early in the following March prove to be a new species, which I take pleasure in dedi- cating to Mr. Kincaid. Diastrophus kincaidit, n. sp. Gall.—Either of the two galls in my possession measure almost exactly 114 inches in length by three-fifths of an inch in greatest diameter, and are upon twigs that do not exceed 214 mm. in diameter. The galls are abrupt enlargements of the twigs, and they are literally filled with larval cells. The portion of the gall-subtance lying outside the cells is quite pithy, but the portion forming the septa between the cells is hard and woody. ‘The surface of the gall is smooth, but is irregularly swollen or lumpy, much as in the gall of D. nebulosus. Gall-fly—Female. Black; legs, dark rufous; length, 2 to 2% mm. Head: face, coarsely striated ; frontal carina, smooth and shining and but little elevated (it seems like a ridge made by two depressed lines, one on either side) vertex, gene and occiput smooth and shining ; ocelii, inconspicuous ; face, sparsely set with very fine pubescence ; man- dibles, somewhat rufous at base; antenna, 13-jointed and black in colour. Thorax: mesonotum, nude, polished ; parapsidal grooves dis- tinct; median groove also distinct, but extending only a short distance from scutellum ; prothorax, striate ; mesothoracic pleure, shining, finely aciculate over a portion of the surface; scutellum rugose, bifoveate. Abdomen, entirely black ; petiole, fluted, second segment occupying one- half of the dorsum. Wings, 3 mm. long: hyaline ; 1st and 2nd transverse nervures, quite black, but not very heavy ; areolet, small, The male differs from the female in being only one and three-fourths mm. long, having antenne 14-jointed, and having the abdomen smaller. Described from 25 females and 14 males bred from the galls. Synergus garryana, Nn. sp. Female. General colour rufous, with tips of mandibles, compound eyes, vertex between ocelli, occiput, lower half of mesopleure, metathorax, pedicel of abdomen and two blotches on second abdominal segment, one next the petiole and one just beyond the middle of the dorsum, black, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 111 Head ; face entirely yellowish-rufous, coarsely striated and sparsely set with short hairs ; vertex rugose-punctate ; antennz 14-jointed, and in colour like the face, a little infuscate at the tip. Thorax above a little darker rufous than the face, transversely rugose; parapsidal grooves narrow and rather indistinct, but extending to the collar; no median groove; parallel lines extending back from the collar, short and rather indistinct, sparsely set with short recumbent hairs ; scutellum coarsely rugose, the fovez oblique and shining black at the bottom ; mesothor- acic pleure ‘coarsely aciculate ; in two specimens the lower half only is black, and in two others, a little smaller, the entire pleure are black. Abdomen: petiole coarsely striated; second segment very smooth and shining, and finely punctured on outer third. Legs, includ- ing cox, uniform light yellow, except the tarsi of the third pair and the tips of the last tarsus in the others, which are black. Wings hyaline, nervures light, areolet obsolete. Length, 234 to 3 mm. Male. The male differs from the female as follows: Length, 214% mm.; vertex above antenne, except a narrow orbital line, black ; antenne, 15-jointed ; thorax, entirely black ; abdomen, black, except the tip of the second segment, which is yellowish, and the entire tibiz of the pair of legs are blackish. The above descriptions are made from four females and five males which issued from the galls between March rst and roth, 1893. The galls from which this very pretty Synergus was .reared resemble very Closely those of Ho/caspis monticola, Gill, MS., the description of which is already in the hands of the printer for publication. The galls were collected by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington, from twigs of Quercus garryana. WHICH SIDE OF THE TREE DOES PHL(COTRIBUS LIMINARIS ATTACK ? BY F, M. WEBSTER. Recently, while studying the habits of this beetle in the peach orchards ‘of Catawba Island. on the south shore of Lake Erie, I was surprised to observe that the fall attack had invariably been made on the east or south- east side—which is here the land side of the trees—and old trees, where the bark of the trunks was very rough, were more seriously affected. On mentioning the fact of this apparent discrimination in point of attack to my friend Dr. D. S. Kellicott, he recalled that the same phenomenon occurred about Buffalo, New York. 112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Here in Ohio, in every case where the writer has observed it, the adults only have been found, wintering in burrows or chambers in the bark clearly excavated by themselves after becoming fully developed and not during larval stage. On February 1o, I took from a peach tree in Eastern Arkansas, adults, pupz: and what I presumed to be larve of this species, from all sides of the tree, which, by the way, was rather a young one with bark comparatively little roughened. This tree stood just above high water mark, on the eastern foot of Crawley’s Ridge, which marks the western boundary of the swamp or overflowed country to the west of the Missis- sippi River. There was here, certainly, no partiality shown for any particular side of the tree. Are the beetles in Northern Ohio and Western New York driven to the discrimination previously noted by the lake winds, at the time they burrow into the bark in the fall, and has such selection in point of attack been observed elsewhere, except near and to the south of the Great Lakes ? CORRESPONDENCE. TRYPETA, CLISIOCAMPA AND AMMALO. The January and February numbers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST just to hand suggest a few remarks. Prof. Townsend gives a most inter- esting account of the Azge/ovia Trypetid, and although I had described the imago as well as the gall in Ent. Mo. Mag. (Dec., 1890, p. 324), most of what he writes is new. The eyes, as Prof. Townsend surmises, are green in life. The variety from Johnson’s Basin seems to have the char- acter of my var. a@srupta. ‘The hymenopterous parasite mentioned on page 52 may perhaps be a Zorymus, identical with one I bred at West Cliff. I also bred from the galls a new Lurytoma (£. bigelovie, Ashm.) and a weevil, Anthonomus canus, besides the Cecid, which I described as Cecidomyia bigelovie. At West Cliff, Colo., a Clistocampa is very com- mon, which, according to Mr. Dyar, must be referred to C. fragidis, Stretch. I had always called it californica, following Dr. Packard’s opinion. An account of this insect will be found in the 4th Rept. of the Colo. Biol. Assoc., where the distinctness of certain of the larve from californica is alluded to. Populus and Salix may be added to the list of food-plants. I also found larve on Aides aureum. 1 found the eggs on willow branches in batches; colour pale greyish, shape elongate, egg- shells iridescent within. Ameophila robusta is an enemy of the larva, but I did not notice any parasites. On page 27 Mr. Dyar refers to Ammailo helops. ‘This gets nearer to the U. S. than Surinam, at all events, since Moschler in 1886 recorded it from Jamaica. With reference to the foot note on page 52, it is only fair to state that the trypetid nature of the Bigelovia galls was first discovered at the Department of Agriculture, Washington. ‘This was before I had bred the imago. Feb. 19.:1893. T..D. A. COocKERELE, Mailed April 11th, »Y 1. ae * iL : BRAR* The anata Entomologist. VOL. XXV. LONDON, MAY, 1893. No. s. NEW SPECIES OF FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTERA. BY WM. J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA. MyZINE THORACICA. .—Clypeus strongly and closely punctured, carinated or angular down the middle ; front with large, coarse punctures, which become sparser on the vertex and cheeks; the ocelli deeply pitted, the hind pair almost hidden ; prothorax, mesopleurz, dorsulum and scutellum with large, separated punctures, those on the dorsulum by far the largest and sparest ; metathorax above and behind entirely smooth, the metapleure with oblique striations ; legs, especially the tibiae, coarsely punctured, the outer side of the medial and hind tibiz covered with strong, short bristles, and in addition with a row of stout, short spines on the outer edge, the medial and hind tarsi with long bristles and spines ; anterior tarsi with the spines stout, the longest equalling the length of the first joint of that tarsus ; wings flavo-hyaline, somewhat fuscous apically, the nervures testaceous ; abdomen with a beautiful iridescent sheen dorsally, with fine rather close punctures, the first segment and base of the following three impunctate ; on the apical portion of segments 1-3 the punctures are sparse and stronger, those on the fifth segment stronger ; ventral segments on apical portion with large punctures or holes, which form on segments 1-4 a transverse row, whichis produced forward into an angle medially ; last dorsal segment with fine longitudinal striations. Black: mandibles, except apical portion, apex of scape, base of femora beneath, apex of fore tibiz, the remaining tibize above and the tarsi. Rufous: a spot at the extreme side of clypeus, a transverse mark on front behind antenne, interrupted medially, which extends up along the inner orbits and coalesces with the mark on the vertex—this latter extends down on the cheeks ; prothorax above, except two elongate, transverse marks, two large Bors on meso- pleurze, middle and outer lobes of the dorsulum in part, tegulz, scutellum, post scutellum, a large spot in middle of metanotum, a much larger one on each side of the posterior face, which extends around on the sides ; the 114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. femora and tibiz in part, a transverse band on dorsal segments 1-5 of abdomen, all of which except the first are narrowed medially, the first and second slightly separated, that on the third segment somewhat squarely emarginate behind, and ventral segments 2-4 with a large spot, those on the second segment longitudinal, the others transverse ; mandibles and labrum fringed with testaceous hairs ; head, thorax, legs and abdomen beneath with long, pale hair. Length, 18-20 mm. So. Illinois (Chas. Robertson). One specimen has the markings on the abdomen narrower, the band on the second segment widely divided in the middle, the third ventral segment immaculate, and the front with a longitudinal medial yellow line. Allied to sexcincta and caroliniana. From the first mentioned it is distinguished by the entirely smooth meta- thorax, the richer livery ; from the latter by the stronger and closer punctuation of the front and ventral portion of the abdomen and larger size. It may, however, prove to be but a variety of sexcincta. POMPILUS RELATIVUS. ? .—Anterior margin of clypeus distinctly but not strongly incurved ; ront with the impressed line obliterated in the middle, but very strong behind the antenne and before the ocelli; posterior margin of prothorax subangular: metathorax rounded behind, upper surface with a rather strong, longitudinal, impressed line, which terminates at base of posterior face, the latter depressed; tibize and tarsi strongly spinose ; tarsal claws toothed at the base; longest spur of hind tibiew more than haif as long as the first joint of hind tarsi; wings deep blackish violaceous, the apical margins even darker, third submarginal cell triangular, the second and third cubital transverse veins very contiguous at the top, second recurrent nervure sinuous, teceived by the third submarginal cell at about the middle ; ventral abdominal segments with a few erect hairs, which are most dense and prominent on apical segment. Black, with a very slight bluish reflection, which is most obvious on the abdomen ; legs and antennz entirely black; head and anterior coxe with numerous long, black hairs, the prothorax and dorsulum also with a very few hairs. Length, 18 mm. Two specimens. Ocean County, N.J. (Prof 7. B. Smith); So. Illinois (Chas. Robertson). Related to philadelphicus, aethiops and maurus. The clypeus is much less incurved than in either of the first THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. TRS two species, and the third submarginal cell differently shaped. From maurus it differs by having the tarsal claws toothed, instead of cleft. Its position is between @¢hiops and maurus. POMPILUS POSTERUS. ?.—Anterior margin of clypeus very slightly incurved; frontal impression distinct ; posterior margin of prothorax bowed ; metathorax not impressed above ; tibiz and tarsi very strongly spinose, the longest of those on the fore tarsi almost equalling the first joint of that tarsus in length ; tarsal claws cleft; longest spur of hind tibia much more than two-thirds as long as the first joint of hind tarsi; wings hyaline, the apical margin broadly fuscous, nervures black; third submarginal cell narrowed about one half at the top, the second recurrent nervure received by it a little beyond the middle. Black: head, thorax, legs and first abdominal segment clothed with silvery pile which has somewhat the appearance of verdigris; hind femora and tibiz (the spurs excepted) rufous , posterior margin of prothorax narrowly whitish ; head with rather sparse, pale hair. Length, 7 mm. ¢.—More slender than the female, antenne shorter and stouter ; the tibial spurs, transverse band at base of third dorsal segment, and spot at apex of abdomen above, white. Length, 7 mm. Camden County, N. J. (July) ; So. Florida (Chas. Robertson). Allied to biguttatus, from which it differs in the colour of the hind legs, the stronger armature of the legs and the greater length of the hind tibial ° spur. PLANICEPS CALCARATUS. qf .—Anterior margin of clypeus rounded ; front strongly impressed on lower portion ; anterior ocelli deeply pitted ; antennze reaching much beyond the tegule, the flagellum slightly tapering to the apex; hind margin of prothorax formed into a very slight angle medially ; metathorax above with exceedingly fine punctures, with longitudinal, medial, im- pressed line; tibie with distinct, though not strong, spines, the tarsi scarcely or not at allspined ; longest spur of hind tibiz as long as the first joint of hind tarsi ; wings sub-hyaline, iridescent, nervures fuscous, second recurrent nervure uniting with the second transverse cubital vein ; black ; 116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. tibial spurs white ; head and sides of thorax sparsely clothed with silvery- sericeous pile. Length, 6 mm. So. Florida (Chas. Robertson). Distinct from our only other known species, fera/is, by the longer antenne and hind tibial spurs, and by the white calcaria. GORYTES DENTATUS. d.—Head not as broad as the thorax ; ocellar region slightly raised, the ocelli forming a very low triangle ; front with large, shallow, scattered punctures, the longitudinal impressed line strong; inner eye-margins slightly though distinctly converging towards the clypeus; scape but little if anything longer than the clypeus, is long in the middle, third antennal joint distinctly longer than any of the following, except the last, to which it is about equal ; joints 1o-12 emarginate beneath, the twelfth joint but slightly so; clypeus convex, with a few scattered, indistinct punctures, its anterior margin distinctly incurved. Thorax with strong, separated punctures, sparsest on the scutellum ; in addition to the carina which runs from each shoulder tubercle around the fore edge of meso- sternum, there is behind it a transverse carina or ridge, which terminates in a stout tooth at the extreme side ; enclosed space on metanotum well- marked, triangular, its sides somewhat incurved, on the basal portion it is longitudinally strongly striated, while on the apical narrow portion it is transversely striated, at the apex of the enclosure there is a strong pit ; four posterior tibize and tarsi tolerably well furnished with spines; wings hyaline, a fuscous cloud completely fills the marginal, second’and third submar- ginal, and the apical portion of the third discoidal cells ; there is also a slight spot at apex of median and sub-median cells, stigma and costal nervure fulvous,the other nervures black. Abdomen with tolerably strong, separated punctures, strongest and more scattered ventrally, first segment at apex nearly as wide as the second, sessile with it, the second segment transversely swollen near the base, so that when viewed from the side the first and second segments are separated by a deep suture. Entirely bright ferruginous ; tips of mandibles black ; clypeus, front and face on sides, scape beneath, transverse line on collar, shoulder-tubercles, anterior por- tion of mesopleurz, scutellum, a spot on four anterior tibiz in front, first joint of medial tarsi at base, and apical margins of dorsal abdominal segments 3, pale yellow; the fascia on segments 2 and 3 narrowest THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ELA broadened at extreme sides; a broad fascia on second ventral segment and two large spots on the third, also yellowish ; clypeus sparsely clothed with pale hairs. Length, 10 mm. Grand Canon, Arizona, ‘‘70 miles North of Flagstaff.” (C. H. Tyler Townsend). Not closely related to any of our species. It comes nearest to G. spilopterus and tricolor, but the sculpture is finer and the abdomen differently shaped. It differs from the ¢ of ¢riécolor in the dentate mesosternum ; the f of sfpilopterus is as yet unknown, but dentatus differs too greatly to consider it the ¢ of that species. MIMESA MACULIPES. 6. fine, close punctures, which become sparse on the vertex, and strongly Anterior margin of clypeus subtruncate, entire ; front with very impressed medially ; ocelli very prominent, placed in a triangle, on each side of the hind pair there is a strong depression ; antenne rather long, the flagellum clavate; first joint of flagellum about one-quarter longer than the second ; dorsulum with very fine punctures, almost impunctate; suture between dorsulum and scutellum wide; scutellum impunctate, slightly impressed medially ; metathorax very strongly rugose ; the enclosed space at base of metanotum with numerous, somewhat oblique ridges ; petiole in length distinctly shorter than the hind femora, almost straight, the upper surface with two widely separated furrows, on the sides the petiole is broadly channelled; remainder of abdomen impunctate, last dorsal segment smooth; black, the abdomen entirely so; flagellum beneath rufous; apex of four anterior femora, the tibize and tarsi, pale testaceous ; hind tibiz, except base and apex, black; face and clypeus with bright silvery pubescence, wings hyaline, nervures and stigma black. Length, ro mm. So. Florida (Chas. Robertson). Because of both recurrent nervures received by the second submarginal cell, I have placed this in JAZzmesa. It differs from all our species of that genus (?) by the entirely black abdomen. In my opinion JA/imesa is but a section of Psen. 118 ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENERA MALLOPHORA AND NICOCLES. BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL. With the exceptions of MZallophora ardens, Macq., and AZ. fulviven- tris, Macq., neither of which have been identified, the following table contains all the species belonging to this genus at present known to occur in America north of Mexico. Three species are known to me to inhabit Southern California: /autrix, O. S., originally described from Mexico ; Guildiana, also found in Montana, Kansas and North Carolina ; and a new species described below :— 1. Pile of abdomen light coloured, none black .......... ee Pile of abdomen light coloured, many on the fourth or followin segments black... % ... Bubs Sects pete es sceitalth teen 2 J5 Pile of abdomen wholly Bibek 4 Ware TaD, PORE Ca nigra, Will a) Femora,exceptthe extreme tapex, blacks io 22 2 a, Pas ee Femora-largely ‘or wholly red) yet ero costing eel ae 3. Thorax destitute of black pile, first eee cell broadly open. is 2's & atipa ps MEQACAILE, Tis SI Thorax ith black eee ae posterior cell cigs ae Macq. 4. Femora wholly red, pile of legs largely black....... Jauiriz, ONS Femora marked with a distinct black spot on each, pile of legs light yellow. . a 5 iahiataee pr as aida le 25s os Ce eee gi Pile of venter het ccc leatetnee Fe eid ahead oy evel alte hieeen eer Pile of venter black. . Shield Wat Wd DS eee eae 6. Species not eA a I5 mm. in 1enittes ......laphroides, Wied. Species exceeding 2zoumm, in Jeneihcs ee bomboides, Wied. Mallophora megachile,n. sp., 6 9. Black, tibia and extreme apices of the four anterior femora yellow. Pile of entire body grayish-white, more yellow on the tibiz, a few black ones on the antenna, front, tips of posterior femora above, and many on apices of the posterior tibiz and on all the tarsi; that on the hypopygium of the male rather dense, white, appressed and parted in the middle. A few black bristles at apex of each of the four posterior femora above, also on the under side of the posterior femora and onthe posterior tibiz. Halteres brown. Wings grayish- hyaline, costal and marginal cells darker ; first posterior cell broadly open ; apices of the fourth and of the three following veins nearly colour- less. Antennal style less than three-fourths as long as the third joint. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 Length, 12 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Four males and one female. The following table contains all the species of JVicocles known to occur in America north of Mexico ; of these, 7zfus and scitulus may belong to Llacodes :— 1. Third and fourth abdominal segments wholly black............3 Third and fourth segments largely or wholly red..............2 2. Body red, a black spot on the second abdominal seg- AYME MIS aR See MNS 2s, Es | <n sce nates ye Mla a ha gilbe PS TEE Sa OL Body black, abdominal segments three to six largely BE seth Ree eee Ree opiates ni tts poe ssSadie~ wan the ROR OMEZTIDIZCR Will: 3. Wings hyaline, a brown cloud at base of each submarginal, posterior and: of the discal cell. 0. ....2.........scitulus, Will. Wings marked with brown in other places than these........4 4. Antennal style one-half as long as the third joint..............5 Antennal style only one-fourth as long as the slender third HOMME, EASIEER SDCOIES 5. x .aps Peg ariahsie ss asics to 5 PLP Ee ;. Fifth abdominal segment in the male more than three times as NIL TRE CEA hie nied els apie Aten We Ie aie Cer UL area CARER UIE Fifth segment less than three times as wide as long ; California BPE GICe re. hiles eH VRaASEMaraNG isaen, BEANE. oi fak oLHal. 0 Seeaich abe DA @, inhabits the Atlantic Statess. \ 00) tee io. ope iatas, Say, Mie PUS Mea MEM es na crea wat ace)» aah naeecas tiesot ahs 60) ees 'o oe CELTS EO 7. Brown spot at tip of wing not crossing the first and second posterior cells ; posterior tibiz and tarsi of the male densely SPV Gy WILE aie ats hn af heh tia cin Sp aasta ae PA OMLAL HS. Ml) Spe Brown spot at tip of wing crosses the first and second posterior cells; posterior tibiz and tarsi of the male not SUEY aihkees Rusu et cin x heats wap te alelare see oe: a\s-d CCBA ELT OR) \ Law Nicocles argentatus,n. sp., 3. Black, the tibiz and apex of the sixth and sometimes of the fifth abdominal segment red. Front grayish-brown pollinose, face nearly flat, white pollinose and sparse whitish pilose, mystax on oral margin consisting of a few long yellowish hairs inter- spersed among about fourteen stout yellow bristles ; pile of palpi and of occiput white, bristles of the latter yellowish. First joint of antennz 120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. slightly longer than the second, the third one and three-fourth times as long as the first two taken together, of nearly an equal width, the style nearly half as long as the third joint. Thorax marked with a broad median black stripe not extending on the posterior fourth, and on each side of it is a large brown pollinose spot divided by the suture and bounded. in front by a black spot, also a brown spot on the humeri, elsewhere the pollen is grayish-white, the pile very sparse, white, the bristles brown; pleura brown pollinose in front, grayish-white pollinose behind, the fan-like row of hairs in front of the halteres white. Scutellum brown pollinose, a black spot at the base each side ; bearing two brown bristles. Abdomen smooth, sparse grayish-black pollinose, that at base and sides of segments two to four gray, the fifth and sixth segments wholly silvery pollinose ; second segment longer than wide, the others wider than long, the fifth being two and a-half times as wide as long; venter gray pollinose and with a median brown pollinose stripe, its pile and that of the legs white, the bristles of the latter white and yellowish ; posterior tibize within, and the underside of their tarsi, densely silvery-white pollinose and pubescent. Wings hyaline, an indefinite pale brown spot extends from the tip of the auxiliary vein to the base of the fifth posterior cell, darkest in the marginal and inter- rupted in the first submarginal cell; a second brown spot covers the veins at bases of the first, second and third posterior cells ; a scarcely apparent brown spot at base of second submarginal cell, and a large one filling apices of the marginal, first and second submarginal and of the first posterior cell, extending from one-half to three-fourths the distance from the tip to the base of the second submarginal cell, and sometimes con- nected with the first mentioned brown spot by a. brown streak extending through the middle of the marginal cell; ali posterior cells open, the anal cell closed. 9.—Same as the ¢, except that the apices of the fifth and sixth abdominal segments are never red, the pollen covering these segments is never silvery, and the posterior tibiz and tarsi are destitute of silvery pollen and pubescence. { Length, 8 to ro mm. _ Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, Cal. Nine males and eight females in April. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 12% BY B. NEUMOEGEN AND HARRISON G. DYAR. Family Lacoipz. Vein 1a of primaries present ; median, 4-branched ; vein 8 of second- aries arising from the subcostal, more than half the length of cell from base; ¢ antenne pectinated to the tip. Synopsis of genera :— Antenne long ; body parts robust. Veins 3 and 4 of secondaries stalked.. ........ ose +. Carama. Veins 3 and 4 separate, arising from the median.........Zagoa. Antenne very short ; body more slender...............Dadlcerides. Genus DALCERIDES, 2. gev. Head very small, but with large eyes; palpi slender, antenne very short, hardly as long as the thorax, finely bipectinated. Vein 1 of primaries free, unbranched ; 1a present; median vein 4-branched, vein 2 arising beyond the middle, veins 3-5 from near together ; cell broad, closed, with false discal vein ; 6 from the middle of the retracted upper half of the cross vein, a small rounded accessory cell; 7-8 on a stalk from the pointed end of the accessory cell; 9 from the same point ; 10 apparently absent ; 11 from top of accessory cell, appearing to join 12, which is free from base. The secondaries have two internal veins ; veins 2-6 as on primaries ; 7 a continuation of the subcostal; 8 from subcostal on middle of cell, not diverging till end of cell; a discal false vein runs to the angulation of the cross vein between the origins of veins 5 and 6. Type, Artaxa ingenita, Hy. Edw. Family NoTropontTin&. Median vein of primaries 3-branched ; 8 of secondaries from base, close to subcostal for a large part of its length; veins 3 and 4 not stalked. Partial synopsis of genera :— Outer margin of primaries entire. ¢ Antenne pectinated to the tip, the pectinations as long or longer than their cilia. Primaries without accessory cell. Internal margin entire. Vein 5 of secondaries weak or absent. Tip of abdomen with a brush-like tuft... Ze/a/opha. 122 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. Genus Metatopua, Hiibn (= /chthyura, Hiibn.) M. ALETHE, 7. Sf. We have before us a @ specimen from Truckee, California, which seems to be undescribed. It is possible that we have to do with AZ, api- calis, though the description of Walker does not fit. Itis allied to JZ. multnoma, Dyar, and AZ. brucet, Hy. Edw. Colour, obscure gray or drab, with the usual deep brown thoracic mark, Fore wings slightly purplish (“ecru drab,” Ridgway’s nomenclature of colours, plate IIL., fig. 21), the lines as in dxwcec and mu/tnoma, but white and narrower, more as in fzgva, powdery, obsolescent, under the lens narrowly broken here and there, the fourth forming a distinct, somewhat S-shaped bend at costa, where it is slightly widened and distinctly white. The wing is very uniform in colour, without the contrasting shades of brucei and multnoma ; there is no subapical rusty patch except the merest trace outside the 4th line, but a moderately distinct deep brown shade overspreads the whole apical portion of the wing from the third line outward, reaching downward to vein 3, and being most strongly marked in the region of the 4th line. It recalls the ornamentation of JZ, anachoreta, Fabr. ; but is far from being as distinct as in that species. This shading is present in AZ. var. ornata and M. brucei and others, but these have also the shade bordering the 3rd line, so that the resemblance to anachoreta is obscured. Subterminal series of interspaceal dots nearly straight, very uniform, and not obscured by the shading. Hind wings drab (Ridgway, plate, III., fig. 18), immaculate. Ex- panse, 28 mm. The following table will serve to separate the North American forms of Melalopha. Omitted names are referred to the synonymy :— Lines not anastomosing, the 3rd running free from internal margin to costa. Only the 4th liné present \(P). 2.28) i.e one ce pares, Walle Lines all present. Size large, basal line straight. Cotour dark, with black subapical patch. a/bosigma, Fitch. Colour paler, patch brown.........var. specifica, Dyar. Size smaller, basal line angulated and curved. Of uniform tint, subapical rusty patch very obscure. . .).’ 27 raids oon Veer E, NGG aiaelonene THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 Of contrasting shades with distinct subapical rusty patch. Colour very dark, obscured.......mudtnoma, Dyar. Colour pale, shades contrasted... .4rucei, Hy. Edw. Lines anastomosing, the 2nd and 3rd joining at or about the median vein. Lines all waved, the basal one both angulated and curved. Size medium, ornamentation distinct. Size moderate with the usual thoracic patch. Colour dark, a waved paler band on secondaries. Subapiceal “shade-rusty red’. uc... vau. Fitch. Subapical shade brownish-red. var. ornata,G.&R. Colour pale, line on secondaries lost. Of a pale purplish shade..... var. biiria, H. E. Pale, almost ‘‘ sordid white”... var. astoria,H. E. Larger, thoracic patch absent..........¢zornata, Neum. Size small, longitudinal streaks more or less evident. Anobseute thoracie mark. 2... srs ed.- Striasa, Gre, Without any thoracic mark......... var. luculenta, H. E. Lines comparatively rigid, the basal dislocated on median vein, not toothed. 4th line white on costa. Subapical patch distinct, yellowish, divided by the MEMS telah ecg Pe ack as ate ear unica ile, he PIECTESEE ETAL Subapical patch darker, obscured... .. var. inversa, Pack. Ath Wie MOL WHE OM UCOSLA.. .. 6c cit mio cos n<,ne JOCOSE, ELV Wi, Family SATURNIIDA. Median vein of primaries 3-branched, 8 of secondaries curved, free from base, and remote from subcostal; ¢ antenne pectinated to the tip, often doubly bipectinated ; secondaries with one or two internal veins ; size large to very large. Genus AUTOMERIS, Hiibn ( = || Wyperchiria p.; Walk). A. Io Fabr., var. ARGUS, 2. var. 6 .—Head, thorax, body, legs and wings light yellow. Both wings uniform in colour, with some darker basal tints. On secondaries a promin- ent blackish-blue ocellus’ with white central lunule, surrounded by an outer semi-circular black line. Below a large black discal spot, with white central kernel on primaries, and faint traces of the transverse liries on both wings. 124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. This aberration, which seems extremely rare, is immediately recognized by its immaculate wings, showing only the large ocellus on secondaries. Caught at Hoboken, N. J. Family LitHosip&. Genus HypopreptA, Hutibn. H. miniaTta, Kirby, var. SUBORNATA, N. var. f .—The red colour of thorax, body and primaries of a lighter shade than in the typical form. The black coating on upper surface of abdomen entirely wanting. Secondaries immaculate, light rose colour, fading towards anal margin, with a faint grayish, apical tinge. A striking variation, easily determined by the delicate shade of its immaculate secondaries. Habitat : Texas. We do not regard HY miniata as a synonym or variety of /Z. fucosa, Hiibn, but as a valid species. The following table will serve to distin- guish the described forms : — Wings brightly coloured, with three longitudina] mouse-gray bands. Ground colour of primaries entirely red. Hind wings with broad mouse-gray border... .miniata, Kby. This border lacking...............var. subornata, N. and D. Ground colour partly yellow, partly red. Bands-on,primaries normal. 000 .s)e's sf cose, EA Bands extensive, cae ot and largely obscuring the ground colour. . 5 Uae: .var. plumbea, Hy. Ed, Ground colour entirely yalowich’: olivvie a cedaverosa, Strk. Wings obscure gray, thinly scaled, the Peoodunee pink. zzcu/ta, Hy. Edw. Family HEPIALIDZ. Genus STHENOPIS, Pack. S. ARGENTEOMACULATUS, Har., var. SEMIAURATUS, 2. var. Antenne light brown. Head, thorax and body, bright salmon colour. Legs pink, tufted with yellowish hair. Ground colour of primaries pinkish salmon. All the maculations, transverse bands, well as the subterminal space, of a peculiar brownish yellow, which in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 135 fresh specimens has the lustre of pale gold. The two silver dots near origin of cell, in primaries, prominent, varying in shape from subovate to subtriangular. Secendaries light pink, fading into salmon-coloured tinges along anal margin and in basal area. Wings below pinkish, veins prominently so, fading into lighter shades in basal areas. Pink subterminal lines. Habitat: White Mountains of New Hampshire. This well-known form has never really been described. It figured for decades in collections as St, var. guadriguttatus, Gr., which latter name, however, is a synonym of the typical insect. The type form, as a generality, is not as large as this variety, of which some specimens measure as much as 85.—9¢0. mm. in expanse. Described from several examples of both sexes. HEPIALUS ROSEICAPUT, nov. sp. One ¢. Antenne light brown. Front of head and palpi pinkish. Interspace between antenne red. Prothorax, thorax, body, iegs and wings of luteous stone colour. Primaries with minimal granules of the very faintest pink. Two lines of irregular, blackish dots. One from base along median vein to near centre of cell, where it turns down to internal margin, meeting an oblique transverse line of dots from apex. Subterminal line blackish. Secondaries blackish gray with luteous fringes. Below, both wings blackish gray, with luteous costa and fringes. Legs with an outside tinge of pink. A slight anal tuft of the faintest pink. Expanse of wings: 33 mm. Length of body: 6 mm. Habitat : Cascade Range near Lytton, British Columbia. This insect belongs to the group of small sized, dull coloured Hepialidz of our western continent. The peculiarity of the pinkish tint of the palpi and parts of the head makes it easily recognizable. The types of all the new forms here described are in Mr. Neumoegen’s collection. UNIDENTIFIED NAMES. In going over the literature of the North American Bombyces, we have been unable to apply the following names. A number of them are types of genera of which the original descriptions are inadequate. In- 126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. . formation respecting any of them will be most welcome, especially struc- tural notes, to supplement the imperfect descriptions of the authors :- Pseudalypia Crotchii, Hy. Edw. Erruca Pertyi, H. S. Thia extranea, Hy. Edw. Earias obliquata, Hy. Edw. Cisthene lactea, Str. Alexicles aspersa, Grt. : Cingilia humeralis, Walk. Limacodes (Semyra) Beutenmuelleri, Hy. Edw. Limacodes (Tortricidia) ferrigera, Walk. Krona minuta, Reak. Dioptis megzera, Fabr. Psyche fragmentella, Hy. Edw. (case only). Psyche coniferella, Hy. Edw. is Pseudopsyche (Oedonia) exigua, Hy. Edw. Sapinella (Eutheca) mora, Grt. Oiketicus Davidsonii, Hy. Edw. (case only). Chalia Rileyi, Heyl.* Brachionycha barometrica, Goossens. Dasychira clandestina, Walk. Ichthyura apicalis, Walk. Gluphisia septentrionalis, Walk. Notodonta plagiata, Walk. Edema obliqua, Walk. Edema plagiata, Waik. Certila flexuosa, Walk. Saligena personata, Walk. Heterocampa thyatiroides, Walk. mollis, Walk. n nigrosignata, Walk. iG umbrata, Walk. Artace albicans, Walk. Rhagonis bicolor, Walk. Cossus nanus, Strk. *This name is not included because we regard the description as inadequate, but because we do not know the species and have seen no reference to it in American literature. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 127 NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA. BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. Smynthurus spinatus, 0. sp. Olive. Head tinted with purple, lighter on the sides, olive around the mouth and eyes ; coarsely and sparsely punctuate, punctures light olive, each bearing a white hair. Antenne purplish, basal joint lighter, as long as the body ; apical segment with from seventeen to twenty subsegments. Abdomen fuscous with lighter spots ; the apical part with an olivaceous cloud, the remainder fuscous with whitish or olivaceous blotches ; on the middle of the back a number of groups of circular white spots, and on the posterior part of each side a row of white spots, varying from four to ten. Underneath olive. Anal papille large, distinct, with numerous pristles ; the upper part and the sides purplish or fuscous, the remainder olive with darker spots. Legs long and slender, purplish or fuscous, mottled with variously formed olive or whitish blotches; apex of the tibize and base of the larger claw blackish purple. Claws lony and slen- der, inner claw indistinct ; apex of the tibiz with a few clubbed hairs. Spring long, broad and flat, reaching the mouth ; second joint broad, each side with a row: of long stiff bristles ; bristles twice as long as the spring is broad ; third joint long, broad, bluntly rounded. Length, 2 mm. (.078 inch). Habitat: Ithaca, New York. A very variable species, in young specimens the back is pea-green, and in some specimens there is a broad olive band down the middle of the back. The color varies from pea-green to purplish and fuscous. Collected on the surface of standing water. The species can be easily recognized by the row of stiff hairs ‘on each side of the spring. Smynthurus floridanus, n. sp. Black, sides lighter, hairy. Head black, with lighter lines, mouth olive. Antenne long, slender, as long as the body, basal joint black, remainder olive. ‘Thorax and abdomen with a triangular black spot, the base of the triangle at the apex of the thorax and its apex at the apex of the abdomen. Sides of the abdomen olive mottled with light brown. Underneath olive. Anal papillz with its front and upper part black, the remainder olive mottled with brown. At the median two-thirds of the back, a stout porrect spine ; spine as broad at base and higher than anal papille ; concolorous with the black triangle, except a small olive spot on each side. Legs slender, pale olive ; inner claw two-thirds the length of 128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. outer, stout and blunt. Spring short, slender ; third joint elongate with an apical and two smaller inner teeth. Length, 1.5 mm. (.058 inch). Habitat: Florida. I am indebted to Mr. Nathan Banks for this unique specimen and species. Easily recognized by the abdominal spine, the stout inner claw, and the black dorsal triangle. The only characters offered by Lubbock, in his Coliembola Be Thysanura, for separating Smynthurus and Papirius, is the form of the antennz and the presence or absence of trachez. In my studies of these interesting insects I have found two other characters valuable in separating these genera. These differences may be stated as follows :— Terminal segment of the antennz long, ringed ; larger claw uninden- tate ; apical segment of the spring simple........... Smynthurus. Terminal segment of the antenne short, with a whorl of hairs ; larger claw bidentate ; apical segment of the spring serrate on the Ui GOT SIMA vite, Cusco wcad to sudianbacesnakeenwda oeremeae Papirius. Anoura magna, 0. sp. Body short, broad, one-haif as broad as long, finely granulated. Each segment with four dorsal and two lateral globular tubercles, except the last, which is deeply divided, having at its apex two immense globular tubercles. On the anterior part of the anterior margin of each segment another smaller tubercle. From each tubercle there arise from four to eight short, stiff, yellow bristles. On the dorsal part of the head the number of tubercles is the same, but the two median tuberc'es are placed on the caudal portion of a large quadrangular tubercle, which reaches from between the bases of the antenne to the caudal part of the head. The ground colour is a light steel blue, with lighter spots between the darker tubercles. Antenne very short, not reaching the lateral margin of the body by at least a quarter of its width, segments subequal, indis- tinctly marked. Eyes at the side of the base of the quadrangular tubercle, postantennal organs wanting. Buccal orifice blunt, short and white. Legs short, with a single strong claw. Length, 5 mm. (.20 inch). Habitat: Salineville, Ohio. This species can be recognized by its size, colour, and the globular tubercles; from gigantea Tullb., its nearest ally, from Siberia, by the absence of the postantennal organ. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129 NOMOPHILA NOCTUELLA, SCHIFF. ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. FAMILY PYRALIDINA. BY _E. P. FELT, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. This is one of the most common insects that flies throughout the summer months. It is also widely distributed; adults have been taken in widely separated parts of Europe, in Algeria, Caffraria, Bengal, Pondi- cherry, Brazil, and in the eastern and western parts of the United States. Packard writes of the species thus:--‘* Such cosmopolitan forms give rise to the suspicion that they are relics of a past geologic age, which is borne out by the fact that quite a gap separates it from its nearest allies.” In spite of its wide distribution, this insect seems to be one of these com- mon species that has escaped observation, very little having been pub- lished on its life history. On the 15th of last September the writer found among the grass and clover in a pasture several pale greenish larve (Fig. 2, b) with black heads and numerous black tubercles. Upon being disturbed they quickly dis- appear, with a peculiar wriggling, jerking motion, under the grass; they seem to move with equal facility either backward or forward. When not feeding the larve can be found under a slight web in tne centre of a clump of grass. Later observations show that the larve live almost wholly upon clover leaves, eating out the soft parenchyma and leaving the veins ; they will eat grass if clover is not within reach, and one larva was observed to seize an Aphid and devour it, though there was plenty of food within reach. J. H. Leach in his ‘“ British Pyralids” gives Polygonum aviculare (knot grass) as the food-plant in Scotland. As the larve become full grown they may be seen wandering around and slowly assembling under chips, stones, etc., where they pupate; when in pastures, dried cow dung seems to be the favourite resort. On the 21st of September both larve and pupz were abundant in these retreats ; ten pupze (Fig. 1, c, d) were taken from a piece of cow dung one-fourth the size of a man’s hand. Before pupating the larve spin around them a thin, white, loose cocoon. After remaining in the pupa state about ten days the insects emerge. The adults (Fig. 1, e) are of a sombre brown and a tawny yellow colour, with black markings. They have a peculiar jerky flight, and when dis- turbed they fly up suddenly about four feet, and usually alight within two rods of where they started. When at rest (Fig. 2, f) they are usually on a leaf with the wings folded flit over the back and the antennz extend- 130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ing forwards. Within a few days after emerging the adults pair and ovipo- sition begins. The eggs (Fig. 2, a) are not all laid at once, but are deposited in clusters of from three to ten or more, usually being laid side by side ina row. The period of oviposition probably extends over two weeks or more, as the adults can live seven weeks, though most of them die within a month. One female was dissected; she contained over eighty eggs, which is probably about the average. When first laid the egg-shell is quite soft and readily flattens upon contact with other eggs, or the leaf upon which it is laid, so that it is usually flattened upon several sides to a greater or less degree. At first the egg is a pearly white, but it gradually turns to a slate colour. PAG 3. Nomophila noctuella: 6, larva; c, pupa (dorsal aspect); d@, pupa (ventral aspect); e, adult; _% adult (at rest). (All these figures are twice the natural size.) The eggs hatch in about ten days, and the larva begins to feed upon the soft parenchyma of the leaf. The young larva has a brownish head .and a straw coloured body, the tubercles are very small and the hairs longer proportionally than in the full grown larva. About a week after THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13h hatching the larva moults; the skin ruptures between the head and the cervi- cal shield and also splits a little ways along the back, and through this opening the larva crawls out of its old skin. Just after moulting the head and tubercles are a pale straw colour, later they become darker, and in the last stages of the larva they are almost black. The observed differences between tne stages are a gradual increase in the size and depth of colouring of the tubercles, and a decrease in the relative length of the hairs. Before reaching its full growth the larva probably moults five times. In the fall, as the cold weather advances, the larve begin to spin nests in the axils of the leaves, where they retire when not feeding and in which grass is allowed to collect and around which the remains of partially devoured leaves are drawn, making a very complete hiding place. Later the nests in the axils of the leaves are deserted and similar nests are con- structed upon the surface of the soil. These nests are lined with a thick \ layer of silk and are covered with a thick coating of particles of soil or bits of dried grass, making a thick, warm nest in which the larve pass the winter. There seem to be three broods a year. In September of 1892 the simultaneous pupation of a large number of larve was very noticeable. The pupa state lasted about ten days, the adults emerged, eggs were laid and the larve moulted three or four times before cold weather forced them to retire for the winter. These hibernating larve come forth in the spring, complete their growth, pupate and the adults probably emerge in the first half of May. The second brood flies in the latter part of June, and the third brood, as already observed, flies the latter part of Septem- ber. If the adult stage lasts four weeks or more, it would not be strange if the broods overlapped a little, especially the second and _ third broods, and this is borne out by a reliable record. During the year of 1889 the Entomological Department of the Agricultural Experiment Station, at Ithaca, N.Y., ran six trap lanterns from May 1 to October 20. LNomophila noctuella was picked out, the sexes determined and the results tabulated. TIME OF FLIGHT OF NOMOPHILA NOCTUELLA, 1889. ; MAY. | JUNE. || JULY. Date. |5|6|7)|8|11 19 20) Biles aalprrl 1/6 I1|15|18|19)20]21/24 aie 27|31||Totals. 3g ae aa es ei ag | @ |r| id fecthchoileet ea re 132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. AUGUST, | SEPTEMBER, Date. | 1] 2 13/4|5 | 6 | 7|9|15|16|17 18 21 23/24/25 26/29 4 6 8 18/19/21 25 29 30) Totals. | Jr}o|r1\o r).2) T1436 | : sees oO I | | | I 213 I lol 2) 1 1} 1| 2 2l1 ; aes eet omeia tt 3 | 4 ? CIP a ene hie ke 2 This table shows that the adults fly in greater or less numbers from May to the last of September. From May 20th to June 3rd none were taken, which pretty sharply defines the first brood. And, as might be ex- pected, the second and third broods are separated by no such distinct line, and yet there is an indication of two later broods, though the table would seem to indicate that those taken in September might be the last of the second brood and not individuals of a third brood, which is contrary to observed facts. For during the last year a trap lantern was run with practically the same results as were obtained in 1889, but a third brocd was observed to emerge in large numbers after September 2oth. Probably the cool evenings prevented many moths from flying at might, and consequently from being taken in the trap lanterns. Preventive Methods.—The above table shows that four-fifths of moths taken are males. If we assume that there are enough males left to fer- tilize the females, which is quite probable, the trap lanterns are almost useless as a means to check the increase of this insect, because the females escape, oviposit, and thus provide for the propagation of the species. As the larve and the adults incline to remain near one place, it is possible to materially reduce their numbers on limited areas. In large fields where plowing is not objectionable, many might be destroyed by thorough plowing in the latter part of November, after the larve have retired for the winter. Should this insect become very destructive in the summer, deep plowing in the middle of July, followed by harrowing, might destroy many pupz. On lawns and other small areas advantage might be taken of the larva’s habit of retiring under chips, etc., to pupate. If chips, etc., be placed on the lawn and firmly pressed down in the middle of July or of September, and allowed to remain a week and then collected and burned, many pupe will be destroyed. Technical Descriptions. Egg (Fig. 2, a), pearly white when first laid, changing to a glistening slate colour within a few days. Shell finely reticulated ; egg usually flat- tened upon several sides. Size,.69 mm. by .32 mm. Larva (first stage), head diameter, .25 mm. ; body, diameter, .15 mm. ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 ie) length, 1.05 mm. Clypeus, labrum and thoracic shield a tawny olive colour ; head a seal brown; body a sordid straw colour. The tubercles proportionately smaller and the hairs longer than in the full grown larva. Larva (Fig. 1, b), (last stage) length, 2 cm. ; head, diameter, .32 mm. body, diameter, 3.7 mm. Head and thoracic shield black ; scattering hairs occur on the head. Dorsal surface of body pale green with black tubercles. There are four tubercles on each side of the third and fourth segments, three in a row extending ventro cephalad and the fourth caudad of the last one in the row. The dorsum of the remaining segments 1 EPp EEF. a Fic. 2. Nomophila noctuella: a, eggs, x 40; g, male genitalia (mesal aspect of right harpe and clasper), x 80; A, venation of wings, female, x 4. divided by a slight transverse constriction into a cephalic and caudal part; the cephalic part of each segment bears three tubercles in a row, extending ventrad and forming with the tubercles of the third and fourth 134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. segments a lateral,a super and a sub-stigmatal row of tubercles ; the cau- dal part of each segment bears one tubercle, which is in the lateral row. The tubercles in the lateral rows on the thirteenth segment coalesce mesally. One or more hairs grow from each tubercle. Ventral surface sordid white with brownish tubercles. On the ventral surface there is a lateral row of brownish lunate tubercles, and on those segments not bear- ing legs there are transverse rows of four tubercles, those laterad being the larger. True legs brown with blackish tips. Five pairs of prolegs, occur- ring upon the seventh to the tenth and thirteenth segments inclusive. Prolegs short with brownish tips. Pupa (Fig. 1, c, d), length 13 mm.; 3 mm. across the thorax. General colour light brown, venter lighter. Eyes prominent and usually dark coloured. The cephaiic part of the pupal case is divided by sutures. Several of these unite at the base of the wing covers, where the chitiné is thickened, darker coloured and pushed out into minute ear-like processes, which appear like dark spots, On the dorsum of the abdominal seg- ments there are three dark stripes, extending from the thorax to the tip of the abdomen; one on the meson and the others, one on each side, just mesad of the spiracles. Abdominal sutures darker, darkest on the dorsum. Spiracles dark brown. Adult (Fig._4, e, f). Male Genitalia. Harpe (Fig. 2, g), membraneous ; size 1.55 mm. by .81 mm.; mesal surface concave. Clasper (Fig. 2, g), chitinous ; fulvo-ferruginous ; sickel-shaped. Venation of wings (Fig. 2,h). Frenulum of ¢ a single spine, of 9 two spines. | Bibliography :—1776, Schiffermiller, S. V. (Orig. Des.) Syst. Verz. Schmet. der Widner. (Schiff. & Dennis), Wien, p. 136; 1776. Herrich- Schafer, Syst. Bearb. Schmet. von Europa, IV., p. 42 ; 1826, Duponchel, P. A. Hist. Nat. Lepid., VIII., 220-3 ; 1829, Treitschke, F. Schmet. von Europa, VII., 109 ; 1833, Wood, W., Index Ent., 1476 ; 1835, Treitsehke, ibid, X.; 23; 1854, Guenee, A. Delt: et Pyralites, 414, Pans; 2350; Heinemann, H. 1D., Schmet. Deut. und Schweig, 91 ; 1871, Staudinger- Wock, Cat., p. 212; 1872, Packard, A. S,) Ann Dye “Mat. Elist.. Ne gna p. 258-260 ; 1874, Berg, C. (Aybridalis) Bol. Acad. nac. Ciencias Uni., Cordova ; 1876, Snellen, P. C. T., Nat. Tijd. Neder., India ; 1886, Leech, J. H, Brit. Pyralids, p. 21. Larva described and adult figured, Pl. VIL, Fig. 2.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135 FURTHER: ON THE DIPTERA CONSIDERED AS THE HIGHEST INSECTS. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. In my article in CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1893, pp. 7-8, as also in my previous note in Science, Vol. XIX., 1882, p. 320, I stated that Hyatt and Arms were the first to point out that the Diptera were the most highly specialized insects, and consequently to be considered the highest in rank. It should be noted, however, that the same idea was advanced at the same time by the renowned insect anatomist, Mr. B. T. Lowne, well known for his work on the anatomy, etc., of the blow-fly. In part I. of this work, Oct., 1890, p. 25, Lowne says :—‘“ The blow-flies belong to the family AZuscid@, one of the most highly specialized groups of the Diptera, the most highly specialized order of the class Insecta.” On pp. 26-7, he further says :—‘‘ Just as all discussion would be futile as to whether a bird or a mammal is the higher type, so it is useless to consider whether the Diptera or the Hymenoptera have the higher organization ; but there can be no question as to which of these orders departs most from the more generalized form. The Diptera are far more remarkable in their developmental history, and in the modification of structure which they present in the adult or imago form. In this relation the strong tendency of many to produce their young alive, and the fact that some have a capacious matrix, or uterus, in which the larve are hatched, or even attain the pupa form, before birth, is not without interest, presenting as it does some analogy with the viviparous character of the mammalia amongst vertebrates—whilst the nest-building instincts are more manifest in Hymenoptera and in birds. [This is an important analogy, and well pointed out.—C. H. T. T.] It is true that the flies, and more especially the heavy forms, with a comparatively tardy flight, like the blow-fly, have been regarded as ‘ stupid ’—Sprengel called them ‘die dummen Fliegen ’—and do not excite our sympathy and curiosity to the same extent as the social Hymenoptera ; but it is impossible to judge of the intellectual functions of an insect. The manner in which the blow. flies and their near allies, the house-flies, have made themselves at home 136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. with man, speaks for their power of adapting themselves to new and varied conditions. They are cunning, wary, and easily alarmed, and, except when benumbed with cold or heavy with eggs, know well how to avoid danger. They appear to me far more clever in this respect than the bees and wasps.” My article in the Can. ENT. was written before I saw the above quoted passages in Lowne’s work. In his first edition of the anatomy of the blow-fly (1870), Lowne does not advance any ideas with regard to the systematic position of the Diptera. The real credit for the original discovery and correct interpretation of the extreme specialization of the Diptera belongs to Weismann, who pub- lished a paper upon the development of the Muscidz,* in 1864. Later, in 1876, Ganin sustained in the main the investigations of Weismann. Lowne first presented these views in English, at least in the Old Country, while Hyatt and Arms were the first to call attention to them in America. The consensus of facts bears out the statement that the Diptera are the most highly specialized, and therefore the most highly organized order of insects. While they possess ancient as well as recent forms, they have, in the muscid families, reached a higher plane of development than any group in any other order. It is by no means contended that the Nemo- cerous Diptera are as highly organized as some groups in other orders, since they comprise the most ancient living forms of Diptera. The Diptera probably find their culmination in the Tachinidae, and of this family doubtless the Phasiidz stand first. Z7richopoda, Phasia, and Hyalomyia may therefore be considered as probably representing the highest forms of insect life. d ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA. The next annual meeting of the Royal Society of Canada will be held in the City of Ottawa, on the 23rd, 24th and 25th of May. The Society will be represented by Mr. Hague Harrington, our Vice-President. We notice by the programme that Mr. Harrington is to read a paper on Canadian Uroceride, a subject to which he has given much attention, *Die nachembryonale Entwicklung der Musciden nach Beobachtungen an A/usca vomitorza und Sarcophaga carnaria. Zeit. f. Wiss. Zool, XIV., 187 (1864). Mailed May 18th. fat — Oe i ¥ Or screnOhe Z >= Che Canadiay Vantomotonist ‘VOL. XXV, LONDON, JUNE, 1893. : i) ar ai NOTES ON CHIONOBAS SUBHYALINA, CURTIS. BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. This species has long been lost sight of. It was described nearly sixty years ago from a single male “in good condition”. I never have heard of its forming part of any collection excpet that of the British Museum, and my own, and my specimens—a, male and a female—were sent me from the Museum more than twenty years ago. In his Catalogue of the Satyridz, 1868, Mr. Butler says of this species: ‘‘ We do not possess the type, but our specimens agree exactly with Mr. Curtis’s description.” Of my two specimens, the female was broken and the wings rubbed so that they were worthless for characterization, but the male is in fair condition. It does not agree with the description in some points. Thus, there are not “ two indistinct white dots towards the apex with black ocelli”; and the surface of the under forewing cannot be called “ mottled with ochre and pale black, lightest at apex”, but the scales are abraded where the mottling should be. The description goes on: “inferior wings spotted . and mottled with black and dirty white, forming a waved and curved pale line beyond the middle, with three or four whitish dots beyond it.” My male has a slight and pale mesial band “waved” (or crenated) ‘‘and curved”; and if the dots beyond it may mean dots on the hind margin, the description will answer. The wings are described as semi-transparent, and this male is so to an unusual degree. I have had for three years a single male taken by Mr. Bean at Laggan, which in some points agreed with the description of Swdhyadina, but failed in others. There were no apical dots, no mesial band, and no whitish dots. Instead of the band there is a discoloration in patches, especially on the two margins, where the band would be. ‘Therefore, I have been uncertain as to the position of this individual. But I have recently received two males from Mr. Fletcher, and six males and one female from Mr. Neumoegen, all taken by Mr. Bean at Laggan, kindly loaned me for examination, and this new material makes it certain that 138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the species is Suéhya/ina. All these examples are remarkably transpar- ent, and on the disk of forewings beneath there is almost a total absence of dark or mottled scales. But, at the apices there is decided mottling, the light colour prevailing. Some, however, have fine brown scales in the upper interspaces as well as over the cell. One male has two light sub- apical dots on upper side, though without black .centres, the others show no trace of these. On the under side of the hind wing all these examples agree with the description, and are spotted and mottled with black and dirty white. In respect to the band there is extreme variation, some being quite unbanded, though in these the disk is more or less clouded darker ; others have a pale band. One male and the female show an indistinct outer edge of the band, which answers to the description, “a waved and curved pale line”; and,two males present the band clearly defined on the posterior side, and nearly so on the basal ; but the band is, after all, scarcely more than a shadow, nothing so distinct as is usual in the allied specles. As to whitish dots on the margins, three males and one female have them, the rest do not. Mr. Butler gives “ Arctic America” as the locality of this species, but I know of no other than Laggan. I shall give a plate in Butt. N. A. to Subhyalina presently. ADDENDUM. After I had sent the foregoing lines to the editor I received two more females of the species treated of, from Dr. Skinner, from Laggan like the rest. One of these in no way seems to differ from the female before described ; but the other varies in that half way between the outer edge of the band and the margin, on four interspaces, in the middle of each—the lower subcostal to second median, is a small whitish spot, clearly defined on the two lower interspaces, diffused on the others. This character agrees completely with the description by Curtis as to “three or four whitish dots beyond” the middle of the wing. I find therefore in one or other of the twelve examples viewed, every one of Curtis’s characters _except black points in the apica! spots. But in only one of the twelve is there any appearance of apical dots on upper surface and in only one whitish dots beyond the band. The same female which offers the dots beyond the middle differs from the other eleven, in having a row of whitish dots on the corresponding interspaces of the forewing, two fifths the distance from the margin to apex of the cell, in a straight line, not parallel therefore to the margin. All three of these THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 females have the band undefined, cloudy. I see that occasionally in a dark Semidea, white spots are present in similar position on the under hind wing to that of this last-mentioned female Sudhyadina. FIELD NOTES FROM TEXAS AND LOUISIANA. BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. In the summer of 1892 I spent a month on the line of the Southern Pacific R. R:, between Morgan City, Louisiana, and San Antonio, Texas. While the collecting was by no means of the best, a few notes may in- terest the readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and give some idea of insect life in the Southern States during the hot months. Morgan City lies to the west of New Orleans on the Atchafalaya River, in a country so flat that, as the natives say, ‘‘ Water will only run as far as you dig a ditch for it.” The neighbourhood is covered in great part by heavy woods, with a rank underbrush of poison oak, trumpet creeper and palmetto, the ground beneath all being, at the time of my visit, soaked with rains and dotted with innumerable pools of water in which mosquitoes were freely breeding. Along the edge of the woods I had to do the most of the collecting, as I found it quite an impossibility to brave the attacks of the mosquitoes and Tabanidz in the depth of the forest. ° The palmetto proved to be the plant best worth hunting over, and when I arrived on the twenty-second of June it was in bloom, or just going out in some cases. Where the flowers were fresh and sweet there were numbers of Luphoria sepulchralis and Trichius delta, the latter the less numerous and very hard to capture in the bright sunshine, though when cloudy weather prevailed they were much more sluggish. Chau/io- gnathus marginatus occurred on the flowers in numbers, but it was not considered worth while to take many of them, as it appears to be com- mon from Pennsylvania south, though I never take it in Iowa. Paria canel/a occurred once in a while, and a single specimen of Phyton padlli- dum was also shaken into my umbrella. When the flowers had fallen off, disclosing the newly-formed fruit, I found a very nice Curculionid beetle, Pachybaris porosus, which was known previously from Florida. It seemed not to occur on the plants except where the flowers had com- menced to drop off, and quite likely oviposits on the newly-formed fruit. Wherever an open patch allowed a chance for growth of wild sunflowers, there were a good many beetles of other kinds—AZecas inornata, Systena, 140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. sp., and a Baris, which seems to be new. A Solanum yielded a few specimens of an Anthonomus and a very small specimen of Zrichobaris trinotata, a species which has proved in places a very serious pest to the potato. By scratching away dead leaves in a thicket a. few Lachnosterna ephelida were secured, and a few also of Anisodactylus maculicornis. A rotten log, on being broken, disclosed an example of Chlenius fuscicornis; another contained several specimens of Passalus cornutus, with its larva. An ant’s nest held, besides the legitimate inhabitants, a number of the curious little Zémulodes paradoxus, which I have found with ants from Iowa to Arizona. Dry fungus was full of Hxnearthron, and in it I found also a specimen of Huplectus linearis. At night, around the light, I added still a few species to my collecting botties— Aippodamia parenthesis, Atenius figurator, Cyclocephala imma- culata and Lachnosterna ephelida, but insects were not by any means as common as I had expected them to be, so on the twenty-sixth I left for Houston, Texas. The next afternoon, arrived at Houston, I found inside of the city limits great numbers of a beautiful weevil, Audiagogus pulcher, which has a curious habit in lieu of dropping off the food-plant, as is usual with most Rhynchophora when disturbed. It feeds on the leaves of the coffee- weed, and usually remains on the upper surface of the leaf while eating in plain sight. If disturbed, it whirls quickly around to the under surface of the leaf, and either remains clinging there or runs rapidly down the stem of the plant towards the ground, keeping to the under side, so as to be invisible from above. With it I found associated Anomea laticlavia and lVeoclytus erythrocephalus. Along the sides of the track, where the vegetation was rank, I got a few beautiful specimens of Gd/onychis and a few of Paria viridicyanea. Under a stone occurred several Psammodius nanus in burrows which they had made just at the surface of the ground, much as some Scolytide bore in bark. A stump covered with fungi was next investigated and proved quite a rich find, yielding P/atydema of two or three species, Hoplocephala bicornis, Tritoma erythrocephala, T. angulata and T. atriventris, besides several examples of the pretty little Aorsmicomus scitulus, which seemed not to live on the fungi, but on the ground near them. The woods themselves yielded beetles of a different sort. Beating branches of lately cut pine trees was productive ofa number of Drasterius amabalis, a few Silvanus rectus, and a few other things. A little JZone- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141 hammus of the form called minor was taken, also a Luprestis and a Chalcophora. Where a live oak was being cut up I found Crrysobothris femorata var. Alabame and Neoclytus scutellaris running over the branches, but they were wild and difficult of capture. A large fungus was found to be often infested by Pocadius helvolus and a smaller one by Pallodes silaceus. Of these latter, when the fungus was small only one or two specimens were found in it, but larger fungi yielded more beetles. Five or six specimens of Octotoma plicatula were taken on leaves, and looked very little like living things when at rest. Washing the banks of a stream brought very little to light, except a few specimens of Zachys and a very small /eterocerus ; water-beetles were almost entirely absent. One incident of interest was noticed here, however, when a little Zeft/x (I use the generic name in the old, wide sense) was disturbed and jumped into the water, alighting on a stick that was completely submerged to the depth of about an inch, and rested there until I captured it. This brings to mind a note of Mr. Roberts in ‘“‘Entomologica Americana,” where he states that he found Stevus on masses of frogs’ eggs which were completely submerged. Collecting on weeds along the edges of woods and in open patches disclosed a number of Conotrachelus leucophaatus in the heads of a plant with milky sap, and with them occurred large numbers of ApAthona texana, a little jumping beetie of rather slow movements. I took all of them with my fingers without great trouble. /evous confertus runs around in grassy places during the morning and evening, having apparently the same habits in this respect as many of its wingless relations. A day was spent in making a side-trip to Galveston to get in sea-shore collecting. The Beach was alive with Cvcindela saulcyi, but the only other Coleoptera there were Pha/eria sp, and an Oedemerid, probably an Asclera. Farther back, out of reach of the tides and salt spray, I got a great number of Hadtica punctipennis which was swarming on some low weeds. Columbus was reached on the morning of July fifth, and work commenced at once. Though only a few hours ride from Houston, it is in quite a different looking piece of country. The valley of the Colorado here is wooded with deciduous trees, the pine having disappeared, and the better drainage is apparent from the nature of the soil. This spot was made historic in the annals of Entomology by the labours of Mr. 142 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Schwarz, and the papers of Drs. Leconte and Horn of a few years back are full of allusions to species collected there by him. I hoped to find it an interesting field, and was not disappointed. Most of the work was done along the river bottom, where the cotton- wood timber was usually sufficiently free from underbrush to admit of freedom of movement and of sight. The felled trees, when the bark was peeled off, furnished Zoxidium compressum, Litargus balteatus, Epierus regularis and Bacanius punctiformis. Beneath the old trunks were found Blapstinus fortis and arenarius. ‘The cow-droppings were productive of Copris carolina, Phanéus triangularis, Onthophagus pennsylvanicus, Aphodius tenuistriatus and stercorosus and Cercyon variegatum. The banks of the river were covered with Cicindela rectilatera and C. sperata; Tetragonoderus fasciatus and T: latipennis, the latter abundant, were to be obtained in more circumscribed spots with a species of Stenus near stygicus. "The weeds on the bars, on being pulled up, were found to shelter around their roots a colony of Agonoderus comma, Anthicus difficilis, A. nanus, Metachroma interrupta and Myochrous denticollis. This AZyochrous was also often found feeding on willows. On leaving the immediate vicinity of the river and working along the roads, Languria /eta is found commonly with Acylomus calcaratus and Conotrachelus Jeucopheatus. Arriving at a point where a little creek crossed the road, I ascended it, and where a tree had been felled across it some years ago and was consequently ina rather advanced stage of decay, settled down for an hour or two of solid work. By peeling off the bark carefully I was able to get everything worth taking, as whatever was nim- ble enough to escape my bottle at first, fell into the water and was easily secured. The results were two Jal/odon dasystomus, several Eupsalis minuta, Platydema ruficorne, flavipes, levipes, Eustrophus bicolor, and several other things. Leaving this spot and going on to a freshly cut mesquit, I got under the loose bark four or five specimens of Conotrachelus anaglypticus, a few Carpophilus semitectus. and some Laemophleus chemeropis. Under damp logs I found the specimens of larve, pupe and imagines of fzfocus described in another paper. After a week’s stay at Columbus I moved on to Harwood, which is at a considerably higher altitude—here the cottonwoods were gone and re- placed by mesquit and oak, much of it “scrub.” The collecting was not nearly so good and of a different character, LZeodes tricostata being one of the most prominent beetles. Two or three Pasimachus were found under THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 logs, also a pair of Roma/eum atomarium and a large Mallodon serrulatus. Acmeodera pulchella var. mixta and Bruchus amicus occurred on flowers. The leguminose trees and shrubs yielded, by beating, Cryptocephalus de- fectus, Epicauta nigritarsis and Coleocerus marmoratus, while under the bark and in the wood of dead trunks and branches I took a number of Phieonemus catenulatus and Trogoxylon, sp , besides a fine AmpAicerus. The dead wood was full of cerambycid larve. The next stop was made at Luling, in the San Marcos Valley, a spot which pleased me more than any other in Texas. ‘The river bottom is heavily wooded in places, and the holes and cracks in the great trees were the hiding places of beetles of large size and great beauty. The fine Zopherus haldemanni was taken here in some numbers, sometimes resting on the surface of logs which were lying on the ground, or, just as often, climbing on the trunks of trees seven or eight feet up. Besides these I got a large Madllodon, two Alaus dusciosus and a number of Strategus julianus, the last nearly all dead but in perfect order—sometimes not yet stiffened. They occurred in holes where trees had been torn up by the roots, or often simply lying on the ground without cover or protection of any sort.* Photuris pennsylvanica was found very commonly in one spot, clinging to the trunks of trees close to the ground, while three or four Chlenius orbus were taken beneath logs in damp places. A pair of Canthon cyanellus were detected in the act of inspecting a dead clam on the river bank and were promptly ‘‘run in.” The.weeds along the roads were full of a species of Chrysomeda, for which I can get no name. The great composite by the edges of the cotton-fields furnished numerous ZLixus daesicollis, Smicronyx obtectus, Pachytychius amoenus, and some other weevils. San Antonio did not prove to be in as good a locality for beetles, and only in a few favoured spots could anything be found. Beating along the track of one of the lines of railroad proved more productive tnan anything else, and in this way I obtained a number of Cryfptocephalus defectus, Coccinella abdominalis, Epicauta nigritarsis, and a little Galerucid not yet described. ‘The bans of the river, close to the source, yielded Zga sallei, Oodes sp., Ochthebius foveicollis, and Limnichus lutrochinus, with several other things ; but the great haul of the season was a lot of several dozen assorted ticks, which I collected on my own person after sitting on a stone in the woods for a few moments to eat my lunch. 144 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. A NEW GASTROPACHA. BY J J. RIVERS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CAL. Phyllodesma Dyari, 0. sp.—General appearance of the palest sienna or yellowish-ochre. ‘Thorax and patagia thickly clothed with short hair of a uniform pale tone, the abdominal covering similar, but longer and finer, which gives to it a slightly silky appearance. ¢. Anterior wings with the anal angle deeply emarginate ; three lines of dusky spots cross the disc ending near the costa, these being lines rather than bands. ‘There are in some examples two dusky spots, one more conspicuous than the other, in the discal space. From the hind margin up to the middle line of spots, and extending to the apex of the wing, the area is of a rosy.or peach-brown ; the remainder of the wing being paler and colder in tone, in fact ochry-yellowish. Posterior wings with the usual deep emargination on the costa. From just above the anal angle, a pale and rather wide band runs across towards the outer margin ; this pale band widens on the inner margin when in contact with the abdomen, and this part of the wing is clothed with the same long filament-like hairs as the abdomen. Fringes of all the wings rusty and white in separate rows «of scales, the basal row being rusty and running out and covering the points of the nervules, while the white scales are seen only in the hollows of the crenations. Beneath, pale rosy-brown, a darker central band traverses all the wings, beginning near the costal edge of the forewings, and finishing short of the anal angle of the hind wings. There appears on some speci- mens only, a short second band, when the ground colour between them is whitish. In the central area bordering the emargination of the hind wings is a wide patch of rusty brown. ?. General appearance much paler than in the other sex, being very pale creamy or ochry-yellow. Margins of all the wings crenate; strongest on the hind margin of the posterior wings and decreasing in boldness towards the apex of the anterior wings. There are faint lines of spots on the disc of the forewings, suggestive of bands, and on the hind wings the only variation of the same pale expression of the whole insect is a broad, well-deaned band of a lighter colour, that crosses the wing from above the anal angle. Beneath uniformly pale ochry-brown, with a large attendant patch, conspicuously darker, in the immediate region of the emargination of the hinder wings. Expanse of wings, ¢, 1.55-1.80 inches; 9, 2.25 inches. Habitat: El Paso, Texas. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 THE BUTTERFLIES OF LAGGAN, N. W. T.; ACCOUNT -OF CERTAIN SPECIES INHABITING THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS IN LATITUDE 51° 235’. PY THOMAS E. BEAN, LAGGAN, ALBERTA. (Continued from page 132, Vol. 22.) ELEVATIONS IN VICINITY OF LaGGAN.—Altitudes near Laggan have in some cases been very incorrectly stated. In ‘‘ Appleton’s Canadian Guide-Book ; Western Canada,” published 1892, the altitude of Louise Lake (Emerald Lake of the Geological Survey) is given as one thousand feet above Laggan, and the elevation of Agnes Lake is stated at three thousand five hundred feet above Laggan. Such statistics are worse than useless. The elevation of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Laggan, by latest profiles. is five thousand and eight feet. Emerald Lake is five hundred to six hundred feet higher—its elevation can hardly exceed five thousand six hundred feet. Agnes Lake is about two hundred feet below the normal timber-line, so that its altitude is not far from six thousand eight hundred feet; itis eighteen hundred feet above Laggan, and pretty ac curately twelve hundred feet higher than Emerald Lake. According to the Geological Survey Reports, timber-line on the mountains around Laggan occurs at about seven thousand feet. This elevation compares with an altitude in Colorado of something over eleven thousand feet. Gannett’s ‘‘ Dictionary of Altitudes” gives U. S. Survey estimates of 31 timber-lines in Colorado, of which 29 are above eleven thousand feet. CARTEROCEPHALUS PALEMON, Pallas. Paniscus, Fabricius. Mandan, Edw. Material of Mandan examined:—1 4 from Nepigon (Mr. Fletcher) ; 36 local ¢s, some imperfect, but nearly all bright and readable; 1 ¢,1 ? from Banff (Mr. H. K. Burrison); 12 local 9s, all being legible, and 8 of them bright and fine. Examples of Pademon compared :—4 gs, 2 2s from Germany; 2 ¢s,1 2? from Zurich, Switzerland; 2 ¢s from north- ern Finland. This examination was undertaken because from frequently repeated comparisons of the Bow Valley dAZandan with Palemon the essential agreement of the two had become evident. Until this final study was 146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS'T. See made, I had thought JZandan of New England and eastern Canada might be distinct not only from Palemon of Europe, but also from Mandan of the Bow Valley. That idea I can no longer entertain. The amount of variation among my few instances of Pa/emon proves to be greater than T have hitherto considered it, and this fact lessons the probability that the name Mandan covers two species. My reasoning is :—(1) The Euro- pean Palemon is so uniform in size and colour, and presents. its variations in a manner so undemonstrative, that the true values of its variations are easily recognized, and it is readily seen that the several variational phases constitute but a single species. (2) Mandan, like many other of our lepidoptera, is strongly influenced by the meteoro- logical peculiarities of widely separated districts inhabited by it in North America, and in certain extreme conditions displays its variational capacity with a freedom, an exuberance, quite in contrast to the conserva- tive variation of species in Europe. (3) As I find the variation in Palemon essentially as important as the more emergent and erratic variation shown in certain environments by Mandan, and as Palemon in its various attitudes is inseparable from corresponding aspects of Mandan and helps to render evident the unity of JZandan’s extreme phases, I am therefore led to believe M/andan contains but one species, although it has been so well supplied with synonyms and its extremes of colour variation are so great. | In the material at hand, together with the A/andan literature acces- sible, I find no indication of more than one species, unless it be the difference in food-plants—The Nepigon and Bow Valley sections eating grasses, while Pa/emon of Europe is said to feed on Plantago major. This diversity does not greatly impress me, as the “ unexpected ” in that line often happens. After discovering (Aug. 5, 1889) that Colias nastes eats Willow, and having (in August, 1890) persuaded Grafpta zephyrus to accept a diet of rose, am prepared for almost any specialty in food- plants. JZed:tea anicia feeds on two species of plants, or more; so does Lycena aquilo. From the insects compared I have the following information. The Banff specimens agree with the Laggan series. The Nepigon ¢ is almost a copy of one Finland ¢—if smaller, the difference is very slight ; it differs above forewing in having the median yellow-brown spots shorter (partly obliterate) ; on under side the Finland example is more suffused with yellow and the spots under hind wing are less clear; in every THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 essential character the two insects are alike. The Bow Valley material has been determined as Mandan. If it is Wandan, then a fortiori it is also Palemon, for it is closer to Palemon of Germany than to the Mandan of eastern North America Arranging the entire series accord- ing to affinity of variation, the Nepigon specimen goes to one extreme, next in order follow the two Finland Pal/emon, then two of the Palemon from Germany, and a number of the Bow Valley Mandan. Nearly all the remaining Bow Valley J/andan range still further away by an increasing size and boldness (conspicuousness) of the fulvous spots above primary, these spots being in some specimens so enlarged as to replace almost entirely the dark brown of general surface. The two Palemon ¢ s from Switzerland, two of the German Pademon and a small section of the Bow Valley Mandan % s follow a line of variation somewhat diverse from what is seen in the major part of the series, but without: special bearing on the main question, except as further illustrating the fact that M/andan is more ready to break ranks than is consistent with due respect to ‘the authorities.” In one particular, all the North Americans examined are alike—the spots under hind wing are clear in: colour and distinctly in contrast to the ground colour. Part of the Europeans agree with the North American specimens in this, and the others have the spots suffused with dull yellow as in Carterocephalus silvius. The description of MZandan in Fernald’s ‘“ Butterflies of Maine,” indicates that the Maine J/andan is practically like that of Nepigon, and that the spots below hind wing are clear in colour ; the description in general covers Pa/emon equally with Mandan. Mr.W. H. Edwards, in his description of Stercoptes skada, mentions that the spots below hind wing, except the outer rows, were of a yellowish tint. Mr. S. H. Scudder describes the spots beneath hind wing of Hesperia mesapano as ‘very large silvery white spots” ; in the Laggan specimens the colour is a pale buff, scarcely white in any. Mandan in the greater part of its range seems to be extremely rare. A few captures have been recorded, made in New England and at various localities in the Province of Quebec, with one or more in Alaska and Labrador. It appears to have been found in frequency only in two dis- tricts—the region between Hudson Bay and Lake Superior, and the Bow Valley. Mr. James Fletcher’s records for Nepigon are well known. Mr. J. Jenner Weir, in THE Enromo.ocist, writing of lepidoptera collected chiefly at Moose, on south coast of Hudson Bay, makes this record :— 148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. “ Heteropterus mandan, Edw.— Much resembles 4. paniscus, Fab. ; common in 1883, but not observed before.” A specimen of Wandan was in 1872 determined by Mr. H. K. Mor- rison as Paniscus (Palemon). In an-account of lepidoptera collected on Anticosti, Mr. William Couper writes :—‘‘ Hesperia paniscus, Fabr.—A single specimen captured at Fox Bay, Anticosti, on the 26th June. It was sent to Mr. Morrison, who informs me that it does not differ in ‘the slightest from the European specimens of paniscus. It is close to AMan- dan, Edw.”—(Can, Ent., Nov., 1872.) At that time Mandan was ex- cessively rare in collections. Carterocephalus palemon of the Bow Valley is larger than the same species in Europe and eastern North America, and is more variable in size, ranging from expanse of the Finland and Switzerland instances to a size noticeably exceeding that of the German examples. It displays greater individual variation also as to size and colour of the fulvous spots above forewing. At Laggan it chiefly frequents grassy meadows along the Bow at an altitude of 4,800 to 5,000 feet, the ¢ in ordinary seasons appearing early in June and the @ during last half of the month. Several @ s have been taken at Emerald Lake in early July, and 1 2 at Agnes Lake early in August. It occurs also at Stephen, B. C., six miles west of Laggan. This is one of those species which come from pupa earlier or later ac- cording to the forwardness or tardiness of the season ; it is by no means SO prompt to a date as are some of the local butterflies. There is no in- dication of more than one flight in a season. ADDITIONAL NOTE ON THE LARVA OF PALAMON. After sending away the foregoing, a very interesting article was me, with in Zhe Entomologist (London, England), Oct. and Nov, 1892, which tends to confirm my views already stated :—‘“ Life History of Carterocephalus Palemon,by F. W. Frohawk, F E.S.” So far as I can judge- Mr. Frohawk’s account of the larva of Pa/emon agrees substantially with the description of the larva of Afandan published by Mr. James Fletcher in CANADIAN Enromo tocist, June, 1889. My main object in the present reference is to mention that Pa/emon, as well as AMZandan, eats grasses. Mr. Frohawk reared his larve with success on Bromus asper. My own incomplete notes of the local larva, from observations made in June, 1889, agree entirely with Mr. Frohawk’s account. An interesting , fact in my experiment was that several of the eggs were laid by lamp THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 light at eleven o’clock one night. The young larva emerges near apex of egg, and usually eats little, if any more of the shell than sufficient to allow of his exit. The larve fed on grass. I make no citations from Mr. Frohawk’s article. It should be read entire by all interested in the subject. ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CANADIAN LEPIDOPTERA. BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON. ONT. During the years 1891 and 1892, I have received the following names new to the Canadian list. Some of the specimens have been in my possession for several years, as I hoped to secure others of the same kind, whereby I might obtain their names without inconveniencing anyone by a request for their return. But they remain uniques with me to the present time ; solitary witnesses to the fact that they are to be got, if looked for in the right place at the right time. The gentlemen to whose kindness I am indebted for the identification of my material are: Prof. J. B. Smith in the Bombycide and Noctuide, Rev. Dr. Hulst for the Geometride, and Prof. C. H. Fernald in the Micros. I have followed the sequence and nomenclature of Prof. Smith’s list of 1891. Scoleocampa liburna, Geyer. I captured this specimen at Ridgeway in July, 1885. And I see by the Buffalo list of 1891 it is therein reported as ‘“ taken occasionally in Lancaster, at light,” by Mr. E. P. VanDuzee. I am not aware of its having being taken in Canada since. Lpiglea decliva, Grote. A single specimen taken at Hamilton eight years ago, in the autumn, when looking for Scopelosomas and Lithophanes. Xylina tepida, Grote. A single specimen taken at London, September 29th, 1891. On one of my visits to Mr. Grote in Buffalo, whilst he was naming some Lithophanes for me, he called my attention especially to this species as “one that ought to be found with us,” and yet this is the first intimation that I have received of its being taken in Canada. Litognatha litophora, Grote. Herminia petrealis, Grote. Hypena damnosalis, Walker, 150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. No doubt several more of the Deltoides might be added to our list, if they were closely looked after, but the unattractive appearance of many of them, and the difficulty in separating the forms, has a tendency to weaken the interest taken in them. Acidalia subalbaria, Pack. Eudeilinea herminiata, var. albata, Guen. Semiothisa preatomata, Harv. Tephrosia cognataria, Hub. Paraphia unipunctaria, Haw. Petrophora truncata, Hub. Phlyctenia extricalis, Guen. Flomophysa psychicalis, Hulst. Two specimens taken at London in 1892. This handsome little species was described and named Bofis psychicalis by Dr. Hulst in 1886, from two females taken in Georgia and Texas. Hydrocampa stentalis, Guen. This delicate and highly ornamented species I had taken at Hamilton for several years, one or two in a season, although only obtaining the name of it last November. During the season of 1892 I came on a colony of it at London and secured six. It is variable in size and depth of colouring, but varies littie in the design of ornamentation, considering it is so elaborate. Dr. Hulst redescribed a specimen from Florida, under the name of 7. australis. He gives the expanse of wingsas16mm. I have one thatis 15 mm., but I also have one that is only 10. Dr. Hulst gives the colours as fuscous and light ochreous. One of my specimens is of a deep leaden hue, with the light portions greatly reduced in size. Schenobius melinellus, Clem. Perispasta caeculalis, Zell. A single specimen taken at Hamilton several years ago. It was sitting on the upper side of a leaf quite exposed. Its unusual form and marking attracted my attention at the time, and although I looked for it regularly afterwards in that locality, at the same season of the year, I never came upon another, and the only other one I have seen was sent to me for determination by Mr. Winn, of Montreal. Perispasta immixtalis, Grote. A single specimen taken at London in the season of 1892, and that in rather poor condition, {HE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151 Teras nivisellana, W\sm. “ variana, Fernald. Cacecia rosana, Linn. Cnectra pilleriana, Schiff. Exartema punctana, W\sm. This attractive species I had been taking for a number of years at Hamilton, one and two specimens in a season. It was moderately plentiful in one locality at London during the early part of July, where I secured about a dozen and a-half specimens of it. It is quite variable in size and depth of shading. My specimens range from 15 to 25 mm. in expanse of wing, the smallest males being, as a rule, the lightest in colour. Sericoris bipartitana, Clem. Pedisca otiosana, Clem. Semasia signatana, Clem. Argyresthia andereggiella, F. V. R. Laverna subbistrigella, Haw. Lutalis impositella, Zell. THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF VARINA ORNATA, NEUM.* BY A. S. PACKARD. Fora specimen of this most interesting moth I am indebted to Mrs. Slosson, and after an examination of it Iam unable to find any Bombycine characters, except the heavily pectinated antenne. In Prof. Smith’s List of Lepidoptera it is placed in the Liparide between Artaxa and Lagoa, though it bears no resemblance to these moths except in the shape of the antenne. It has also been regarded as aliied to the Cochliopodide. Prof. Smith has recently stated that it is a synonym of Acherdoa ferraria, Walk. (See Can. ENT., xxiv, 135, 1892). It appears from its heavily pectinated antennz to belong among the Noctuo-Bombyces, and all its characters indicate its affinities with the Noctuina. On denuding the head, the front is seen to be very full and convex, and those who claim that the characters of the head are useless in distinguishing families, we would refer to this case, as no Bombycine moth with which we are “Papilio iv., 94, 1884. 152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. acquainted has such a full, protuberant front. The palpi are also truly noctuid in shape, the joints being very distinct, the 3rd joint long and slender compared wit& those of the Bombyces. The forewings have a well-developed dot and reniform spot, genuine Noctuid marks, and the hind wings have the peculiar gloss of Noctuid moths. The venation of the wing is unlike that of the Liparide and Cochliopodidz, and entirely unlike that of the Notodontide. There are 4 branches of the median vein, and their arrangement and that of the subcostal veinlets appears to be characteristically Noctuid. Iam confirmed in the view that this moth belongs among the Noctuids by the following observations of Mrs. Slosson, who was fortunate enough to hatch out the larve, and to find that they are semiloopers, like the freshly-hatched larvee of many Noctuids. “T captured at light, in the spring of 1891, a Varina ornata 2 and placed her at once ina box made for the purpose. But when I opened the box for examination I found to my chagrin, that I had unfortunately closed the lid upon my treasure and crushed her to death. As the abdomen seemed somewhat distended, I pressed it gently, and had the satisfaction of seeing two eggs drop out. I could secure no more. As it was late at night and my light was poor, I deferred close examination of the eggs. The next day I was attacked with neuralgia in the eyes, and was quite unable to use a magnifying glass. On the 6th or 7th day the eggs were hatched. I was still suffering, and could make no close observations. But one thing was plainly to be seen, the larve were “Joopers”! This I-could see for myself, and an unscientific friend who looked at them through a lens at once declared them to be ‘“‘ measuring worms.” Knowing nothing of the food-plant, I sent out for leaves of the various trees and herbs growing near. But the larve would eat nothing. On the third day, though still alive they were very weak. I placed a bit of palmetto—Sada/ serrudata—in their glass, and they at once crawled feebly upon it, and began nibbling its surface. But it was too late, and not knowing how vastly important to science would be a prolongation of their existence, they quietly passed away. I regretted deeply my lost opportunity of settling finally the proper position of this interesting moth. But I can but consider this proven fact of the young larve’s being loopers a very significant one.” or vo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1 CATOCALINE MOTHS FROM GEORGIA. BY A, R. GROTE, A. M.. BREMEN, GERMANY. In the collection of the Bremen Museum are a number of (Voctuide Catocaline, brought by Norwich, many years ago, from the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia, and belonging to species for the most part new to me. Nearly all are now identified by me as described by Guenée in the Species General, and their notice here can hardly fail to be of interest. I have previously remarked upon the fact that, as we progress southwardly, we are met by an increase in the number of species of Catocaline Owlet Moths, while the WVoctucne, or typical JVoctuide, diminish ; the metropolis of the former seems to lie in the Tropical, of the latter in the North Temperate Zone. But already in the Southern States we meet with many species of Banded Owlets, which seem absent in Canada and the Northern United States. GRAMMODEs, Guen. Guenée describes in the Species General three North American species, Smithii, Similis and Consobrina, under the generic term Ophiusa, ‘Tr., a name which, being pre-occupied in zoology, cannot be retained. These three species, then unknown to me in nature, I referred tempor- arily to the genus Grammodes, in the Buffalo Check List, 39, 1876, as also in the New York Check List, 39, 1882. This course is followed by the Philadelphia Check List, 57, 1891. At this writing I have not the necessary means or material to satisfactorily review the generic position of the species described in the present paper, Of Guenée’s three Ameri- can species of Ophiusa, two, Smithii and Consobrina, are now identified by me in the Norwich collection. These two are closely allied, so much so that, at the first glance, they seem the same, though readily distin- guished. Under these circumstances it seems inexplicable to me that Guenée should place them in two distinct groups, and should interpolate a group and follow Smithii with a species, similis, which, from the des- cription, must differ somewhat widely in appearance. ‘The two species before me seem allied to Zuclidia cuspidea, while in the dusty-gray colour, texture and vestiture, they resemble Drasterza. They are distinguished by the fine, even, cleanly-cut and very distinct median lines. All the species here included have a deep brown or blackish, apical, liturate mark. That they will remain under this generic title, which is only a substitute for Opiiusa, as used by Guenée for them, does not seem prob- able to me. 154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1. SMITHII, Guen., Sp. Gen., VII., 266, 1852, Ophzusa. ‘The forewings are powdery light ash-gray over brown, with a slight violaceous reflection. ‘The brown colour appears as a diffuse deeper shading before the t. a, line, and again before the t. p. line over the outer portion of median space. T. a. line narrow, brown, slightly bent and relieved outwardly against the gray median space. T. p. line similar in appearance, but very cleanly cut and even, forming two angles outwardly ; the first and most prominent opposite the cell, the second projection on the interspace above vein 1 ; thus the line forms three subequal scallops, the upper one shallower and more oblique, the middle one the longest. A deep brown, inwardly oblique, shaded apical mark, terminating in a second linear one, which avpears as if dislocated and turns outwardly. Hind wings obscure brown, a little dusted with grayish on the outer margin before the angle. Beneath both wings concolorous, paler yellowish- brown, with a faint, darker median line and discal point. On primaries above the brown ¥eniform is feebly marked. Body concolorous. Two female specimens examined, expanding 37-38 mil. In Mus. Brem. Guenée names this species for one of the authors of the “ Insects of Georgia.” 2. CoNnsOBRINA, Guen., Sp. Gen., VII., 1852, Ophiusa. Almost exactly like Smzthiz. The base of primaries somewhat darker shaded, hardly ashen; the liturate apical mark seems to run inwardly obliquely throughout its length and is uniformly preceded by a deep brown shade, appearing continuous. ‘The t. p. line wants the second angulation and thus forms a single curve from a point opposite the cell to the inner margin. ‘These seem the only differences in markings. Two males examined, expanding, one 4o, the other only 35 mil. In Mus. Brem. I regard it as not impossible that Consodrina is the male of Smithit. The antennz in both are simple, the joints provided with short hairs be- neath. The terminal joint of the palpi appears to be shorter in Conso- brina, and probably really is so, but this feature might be sexual. Guenée does not note the sex of his material. In ornamentation the only differences I find are in the apical shade and the t. p. line; this latter character alone is strongly marked and leads one to suspect a distinct species. The difference in size noted by Guenée (p. 268) does not exist. In this group of moths the male is not infrequently much larger than the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 female, but is inconstant in size of wing. One specimen of Consobrina is in this respect smaller than, Smthiiz. As to the difference in shading, it appears to me quite unimportant and not unlikely a variable character. 3. Srmiuis, Guen. Sp. Gen. VII., 267, 1852. Ophzusa. “40 mil. Wings entire, powdery, of an even violaceous ashen, shaded here and there with reddish ; with the two median lines hardly visible, very fine and, between them, another similar line bent in an opposite direction to the t. p. line and nearly touching the latter at either extremity, the whole hardly distinct. A black apical mark, composed of two little triangles united at apices, a little shaded interiorly. Hind wings light brown, with the fringes ashen. Beneath of the same brown, with indistinct line and lunule. Var. Apicauis, id. The arcuate median line largely shaded with blackish exteriorly.” . This species is unknown to me. It cannot be the succeeding form owing to the given colour, the triangulate apical spots, and the arcuate median line. 4. CONCOLOR, 0. s. ¢@ Entirely of a light chocolate brown. The forewings unicolorous, with a slight frosty violet reflection, without any perceptible markings or any darker shadings, except the liturate dark brown apical mark, which is oblique, of nearly uniform width and subcontinuous. Hind wings plain brown, the outer edge and fringes very slightly shaded with ashen. Beneath paler, concolorous yellowish-brown, with faint traces of one or more common lines and discal dots. Palpi slightly exceeding the front. Antenne simple, the joints beneath with short hairs. One specimen, ex- panding 42 mil., in Mus. Brem. 9 Somewhat darker than the male. The frosty violaceous shade obtains strongly over basal half of primaries and allows an uneven darker t. a. line to be faintly visible. At the centre of the wing, in the place of the median shade, is a straight sharp line of demarcation, beyond which the wing is outwardly diffusedly much darker shaded, the dark colour fading to the fringes and allowing the apical mark to be plainly visible. In one specimen the apical mark is apparently linear and dislocated in- 156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, feriorly. Else asin the male. In one specimen there are terminal dots near the anal angle of secondaries. Two specimens, one expanding 46 mil., the other only 38 mil. Savannah, Norwich, in Mus. Brem. Renewed examinations of the male of this prominent and well-sized species show, that in certain lights exceedingly faint traces of the t. a. line may be discerned. But the brown surface of the wing is unbroken to the eye, without lines or discal spot, and is relieved only by the distinct apical mark. AGNomonlA, Hiibn. 7. ANILIS; Drury, /1t.; 21, Pl) X11; 3, 770=17 75. Sequistriaris, Hubn., Zutr., 419-20, 1825, Agnomonia. Anis, Guen., VII., 273, 1852, Agnomonia. Two specimens of this not unusual species from Savannah in Mus. Brem. In this genus the apices of forewings are sharp, the short fringes usually discolorous, the external margin sinuous or straight, not rounded ; the forewings have a certain lustre on their upper surface. Z. QUADRIFILARIS, Hiibn., Zutr., 569-70. 1825, Agnomonia. Guen., VII., 300, 1852, Poaphila. Two specimens of this well-marked species from Savannah in Mus. Brem. Smaller than amz/is, of a lighter lustrous brown. The fore- wings crossed by two white median stripes, narrower than in amz/7s, and continuous, whereas in azz/is the outer band is abbreviated. Avyz//s is much stouter with the external margin sinuate, curving inwardly below the apex. ‘ 3. OpBsoLeta, Grt. Proc. Bost. Soc., N. H., 417, 1876, Poaphila. Quadrifilaris, var. A., Guen., VII., 301, 1852, Poaphila. Of this species, taken by Dr. Thaxter in Florida, there are no speci- mens in the collection. According to my observation, it is decidedly distinct from Quadrifilaris. 4. Erasa, Guen., VIL. 301, 1852, Poaphila. The forewings are of a somewhat grayish or fuscous-brown with a slight lustre, darker shaded outwardly. The markings are quite indistinct, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 and only traces of the transverse lines can be made out. The short fringes are tipped with whitish ; apices pointed, external margin quite straight. Hind wings without markings; abdomen somewhat grayish. An inconspicuous species, distinguishable by the pale fringes. One male before me from Savannah, expanding 31 mil., in Mus. Brem. Probably most of the species referred to Poaphila in the Species General, and in our Check Lists, belong really to Agnomonia, Of the species described by Guenée I have not identified anywhere Contempta or Bistrigata. Poaphila sylvarum, in the collection before me, may be considered typical of its genus. Flavistriaria, perplexa, and herbarum, determined by me in Coll. Mus. Brem., are apparently related to Phurys and Celipftera, as also is Bistrigata from Hiibner’s figure. I have described two species in Bulletin, U.S. Geol. Survey, IV., 184, 185, which may also belong to Agnomonia. The types are in Coll. Brit. Mus. A name to be admitted must be sanctioned by figure or description. But what are we to do with the bad descriptions of the British Museum Lists ? Can the supposed types of Mr. Walker be admitted as evidence? In cases where they in any way contradict the description I think cer- tainly not. Puurys, Guen. 1. FLAVISTRIARIA, Hubn., Zutr. 555-6, 1825, Crochiphora. Guen., VII., 302, 1852, Poaphila. The forewings are grayish-brown, with a faint discal mark and a rigid ochre-yellow subterminal band, followed by a narrower dark brown shade line. Two specimens before me, which belong evidently to the species described by Guenée, but do not quite agree in shape of wing and appear- ance with Hubner’s figure, while the only markings correspond, and these are so simple that it must be the species. The identification of favi- striaria has led me to that of Guenée’s perp/exa, described comparatively in the Species General. Guenée changes the specific name to Hlavi- striaris. 2. PERPLEXA, Guen., VII., 303, 1852, Poaphila. Glans, Grt., Proc. Bost.S., N. H., 416, 1876, Phurys. This species differs from //avistriaria mainly by the concolorous pale gray colour, while the subterminal stripe has less yellow, the dark brown 158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. line predominating. Faint indications of an uneven t. a. line. The discal mark almost obsolete. Faint terminal dots may be discerned. Hind wings gray without lines. Two specimens, Savannah, Georgia, in Mus. Brem. The more of our species of Catocaline Noctuids, belonging to the group of which Drasteria may be considered typical, the so-called ‘“Grass Moths,” I have become acquainted with, the more do I see the necessity for their generic revision. But the material I have had at any one time has been so small and fragmentary that I have been unable to attempt it. DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN: LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV. BY HARRISON G. DYAR. Colias Behrii, Edw. £gg.—-Spindle shaped, a little contracted just before the tip, with low longitudinal and transverse ridges, which divide the surface into shallow, rectangular parallelograms. Length, 1.3 mm.; width,.6 mm. The eggs are laid singly on the upper side of the leaves of a species of ground huckleberry, its food plant. First stage.— Head rounded, dark brown ; width, .25 mm. Body of normal shape, sordid whitish, apparently without marks ; minutely pilose. Fifth stage.—Head rounded, very slightly bilobed, slightly reticulated with brown ; no other marks ; width,2 mm. Mouth parts brown ; ocelli and jaws black. An even, pinkish white dorsal line, very narrowly black bordered, runs the length of the body, tapering a little at each end, obsolete on joints 2, 3 and 13.. A broader, even, subdorsal line, nearly white on the edges, salmon-coloured centrally, and bordered above by a black lunate shade on the anterior part of each segment. A similar, very even substigmatal band, pinkish centrally ; the bordering black shades surround the spiracles and are larger and more diffuse than those above the subdorsal band, but very faint on the thoracic segments. A faint, even, lateral band, paler than the ground colour, which is probably some shade of green in living specimens. Spiracles white, the pair on joint 12 larger than the others. ‘Thoracic feet testaceous. Pupa.—This seems not distinguishable from that of other.species of Colias. Thorax large, the back arched and cases prominent ; abdomen THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 tapering ; cremaster short, square at tip, flattened and firmly adhering to the silken web. It appears to have been yellowish-green, a lateral pale line on the abdomen, the antenna cases marked with pink. Described from alcoholic specimens collected by Mr. J. B. Lembert in the High Sierras of California. Concerning the habits of this insect, Mr. Lembert writes :—‘“‘ July 27th, about nine or ten in the morning of the third day of search, I discovered the food-plant of the hardy little mountain- eer. His little queen fluttered into the grass on the meadows at the base of Mt. Gibbs. When she had laid about five or six eggs, she flew on to the dry moraine and sandy hills to eat flowers, and in the meantime another took her place. The eggs were deposited on the low growing huckleberry vine, which is lower than the grasses that it grows among, affording protection to the eggs and larve against the dews and frosts that prevail at any day on the highland meadows. The males outnumber the emales six to one, according to my catch, as the latter feed on the flowers growing on the old moraines which rise up out of the meadows, and only fly to the meadows to deposit their eggs. When the larve get large they hide, and in the first stage they are almost invisible. When 1 inch long they are semi-transparent ; when % inch, they get about the colour of a lightly bruised apple and worm_like, without spines. They greatly resemble the withered huckleberry ruit. The eggs when first laid are glistening white, then dull white, and finally greenish. ‘They hatch in six days.” Ichthyura vau, Fitch. £gg.—Hemispherical, flat below, the shell semi-transparent white. Under the microscope it appears covered with small, slight depressions, closely crowded together and forming obscure roundedly hexagonal reticulations ; diameter, .g mm. Laid singly, or as many as seven together on the under side of a leaf. The larva hatches by eating a piece off of the vertex of the egg, which may remain attached to the shell like a circular trap door. Third stage.—Head slightly bilobed, rounded, clypeus depressed, hairy, esperially on the lower part; shining black throughout. Cervical shield and anal plate blackish. Body vinous-brown, with a broad band of sordid yellowish-white, absent on joints 5 and 12, and containing a 160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. triple brown line. Subventral space, from the spiracles to the feet, irregularly mottled and streaked with yellowish. Feet black. The minute piliferous tubercles of rows 1 and 2 are stained yellow. Width of head, 1.2 mm. Fourth stage.-—UHead round, full, pilose, blackish-brown, paler above the mouth and slightly shiny; width, 1.8 mm. Body largely obscure, purple-brown, this colour forming a triple dorsal line and covering the whole lateral area to the feet. Dorsum grayish-white between the lines, and this colour also obtains in a rather broad lateral line and minute mottlings all over the brown area, which are distinct without a lens only subventrally. Thoracic feet black, abdominal ones concolorous with the body. The tubercles are very inconspicuous, but row rt is marked by little yellow dots through the whole length. The hairs are fine and short, pale, those arising from the body very much shorter than those from the tubercles. In another example joints 5 and 12 were seen to be slightly enlarged dorsally and coloured purple-brown, while all the turbercles of rows 1-5 were obscurely yellow. Fifth stage-—Head slightly flat in front, blackish-brown, pale-purplish in the sutures ; labrum sordid white ; width, 2.3-2.5 mm. Body purplish- brown, marked as before, but the pale gray parts are slightly obscured by minute brown mottlings and the yellow piliferous tubercles are small but very distinct. Each bears its one hair and the rest of the body is minutely pilose. There are traces of a black bisected cervical shield ; no distinct anal plate. In another example, the whole surface of the body was marbled with pale gray, greatly obscuring the lines, though the yellow tubercles were still distinct. At maturity the body was sordid white, thickly mottled with pale brown, forming a faint triple dorsal, single subdorsal and stigmatal lines ; spiracles black ; tubercles orange. Food-plant.—Species of willow (Salix). The larve live singly, each tightly wedged ina little house formed of leaves and silk, from which they come forth to feed. Larvz from Boston, Mass. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161 NEBRASKA MYRIAPODA. BY F. C. KENYAN, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA. Heretofore nothing concerning the Myriapoda of Nebraska has been published. Hence the following short list of species will not be without interest :— Lysiopetalum lactarium, (Say). Parajulus canadensis, (Newp). P. impressus, (Say). Spirobolus marginatus, (Say) Newp. Leptodesmus floriaus, Wood. Fontaria virginiensis, (Drury) J. E. Gray. Paradesmus erythropygus, (Brandt) Wood. Polydesmus canadensis, Newp. P. granulatus, Say. Scolioplanes bothriopus, (Wood) Mein. Geophilus cephalicus, (Wood) Mein. Geophilus bipuncticeps, Wood. Scolopocryptops sexspinosus, (Say) Newp. Scolopendra woodii, Mein. Archilithabius mavterris, sp. n.—Prosternal teeth,2+2. Ocelli, 10- 12, arranged in 3 rows. Antennal articles, 21. Coxal pores, 2, 3, 3, 2-3, 3, 4, 3, Or I1c-13, round. Spines on the first pair of legs, 2, 3, 1; on the penultimate pair, I, 3, 3, I; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2,0. Claw of female genitalia entire. Slender, light chestnut, head darker. Joints of antennz rather long. Length, 12-53 mm. From the Bad-lands, Sioux Co. Archilithobius nebrascensis, sp. Nv. Prosternal teeth, 2+ 2. Ocelli, tr—15, arranged in 3 rows. Antenna; articles, 20-21. Coxal pores, 2, 3, 3, 2-3, 4, 4, 3, OF 10-14. Spines on the first pair of legs, 1, 1, 1-1, 2, 1; on the penultimate pair, 1, 3, 3, 2; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2,0. Claw of female genitalia bipartite. Rather robust. Orange-brown; head darker, smooth; shortly pilose. Head subrotundate. First scutum, large, subquadrate. Antenne, long, taper- ing, shortly pilose ; articles long. Length, tr mm. 162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A. dorsopinorum, sp. NV. Prosternal teeth, 2+2.. Ocelli, 11-15, arranged in 3 rows. Articles of the antennz, 21. Coxal pores, 3, 4, 4, 3-4, 5, 5, 4,0r 14-18. Spines on the first pair of legs, 1,2, 1-2,3, 1 ; on the penultimate pair, 1,3,2.1- 1, 3, 3,2; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2, r. Penultimate pair of legs armed with 2 claws ; the anal legs with one claw. Claw of female genitalia tripartite. Body depressed. Light brown ; head a little darker. Anal legs only slightly crassate. This seems to be related to Bollman’s e/afus, but is distinguished from that species by having the ocelli and the coxal pores more numerous, and the spines of the anal legs differently arranged. A. Bruneri, sp. nv. Prosternal teeth, 2+2. Ocelli, 9-12, arranged in 3 rows. Antennal articles (2% )20-(?)21. Coxal pores, round, 2, 3, 3, 2-3, 4, 4, 3, Or 10-14. Spines on the first pair of legs, o, 1, 1-2, 2, 1; on the penultimate pair, I, 3, 3, 2; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 3, 1. Penultimate legs armed with 2 claws ; the anal pair with one. Claw of female genitalia entire. Scarcely robust. Light chestnut; head and first scutum darker ; pilose. Head subrotundate ; longer than broad. Antennal joint, head- like, thickly pilose. Body tapering anteriorly. Anal legs not crassate, pilose ; fifth joint sulcate beneath ; the last two joints decidedly flattened on the inner side. Lithobius sexdentatus, sp. nv. Prosternal teeth, 3+ 3. Ocelli, 19-24, arranged in 4 rows. Antenna} articles, 20-21. Coxal pores, 4, 4, 5, 4-4, 5, 5, 4, Or 17-183 round. Spines on the first pair of legs, 1, 3, 1-2, 3, 1; on the penultimate pair, I, 3, 3, 2; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2, 0. Anal and penultimate legs each armed with a single claw. Claw of female genitalia entire. Slightly robust, dark chestnut ; head darker. Head subrotundate ; longer than broad. Antennze short, pilose, articles long. Anal legs slightly crassate Length, 12 mm. From the Bad-lands of Sioux Co. L. Celer, Boll. L. forficatus (Linn) Leach. Leolithobius mordax, (Koch) Stux. Scutigera forceps, (Raf.) Latr. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163 CORRESPONDENCE. PARNASSIUS CLODIUS AND P. SMINTHEUS. Srr,—Good specimens of these species are generally easily separated, but occasionally specimens are taken the identity of which it is difficult to decide. Mr. C. de Blois-Green, of Victoria, B. C., who has taken both specimens in large numbers, has drawn my attention to a character which he finds reliable in all instances. This is that in CZodzus the antenne are uniformly black, whilst in Smzntheus they are ringed with white. Of course, when the abdominal pouch is attached, there is no difficulty in separating the female of C/odius with its large pouch from Smintheus with its small keel-shaped appendage. The value of these abdominal pouches has been well-worked out by Mr. H. J. Elwes in an exhaustive paper published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. Some specimens received from Mr. de Blois-Green were sent to Dr. H. Strecker, and his opinion asked as to the value of the character based on the colour of the antenne. His reply, which I think will be read with interest by lepidopterists, is as follows :— “Your letter and the remnants of the Parnassius received. The lat- ter are only C/odius, of the form found in the State of Washington and western British Columbia; those further south (California) are not as large nor as brightly coloured, as a general thing. Your correspondent is right in laying stress on the black antenne. CV/odius belongs to a group and is allied to some sub-group having black antenne and large pouches. They embrace Wordmanni, from Armenia ; Clarzus, from W. Siberia ; Eversmanni, from Alaska and Siberia; Fe/deri, the Amoor ; Mnemosyne, Germany and Switzerland, etc.; Stubendorfii, Siberia ; and Glacialis, Japan ; whereas Smintheus has white-ringed antenne, and its allies, distinguished further by the keel-shaped pouch, are Afo//o, Ger- many ; Hesebolus, Mongolia, etc. ; Womion, Siberia; /acguemonti, Him- alayahs, etc., with white-ringed antennz also ; but there are sub-groups allied to these with the same keel-like pouch as Afpoldinus, Tartary ; Hlonrathi, Turkestan, etc., that have all black antenne, so there is no rule without an exception. Our Parmassius, according to my views, are but three species :— . 1. Smintheus, Dbldy—Hew. 2. Clodius, Men. 3. Eversmannt, Men, 164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. All the others, such as Zhor, Menetriesii, etc., are but varieties or aber- rants. It would be easy to make fifty such species of Smntheus alone, if you took them at various altitudes and locations. Some butterflies, as, for instance, Pupilio Turnus, of which I have great giants from North Carolina, Georgia, etc,, expanding 5% inches, while others from the White Mountains spread only 2% inches, and there are all sorts of shades of yellow, orange, brown and black, and yet who would think of making a dozen species of these? I notice that Mr. W. H. Edwards includes Par. Nomionin our fauna, I think somehow he must be mistaken, unless possibly it was caught in Alaska.” HERMAN STRECKER.” Feeling sure that the above letter will be of interest to many of our readers, I have obtained Dr. Strecker’s permission to publish it. JAMES FLETCHER, Ottawa. UNIDENTIFIED BOMBYCIDS. Sir,—Messrs, Dyar and Neumoegen have struck a snag in their work, according to their statement in Can. Ent. for May, 1893. Iam glad that I am able to help them over one part of it. Of the “ unidentified names,” Saligena personata has been long since referred as a synonym of Raphia frater, and I am able to confirm the correctness of the refer- ence. So Edema obliqua has been proved a noctuid, and an Arzama. As Sphdia or Arzama obliquata, it is a well-known insect. Messrs Neu- moegen and Dyar are following Mr. Kirby’s use of generic terms very closely. It would be a matter of some interest if they would inform us whether, in the case of Hubner’s Tentamen, they have independently concluded that it should be adopted, or whether they simply follow Mr. Kirby without original investigation. So few of the working entomolo- gists have accepted the Tentamen as authority, that it is not impertinent to ask why they have joined the minority. Joun B. Smiru. PROF. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND has been appointed Curator of the Museum at the Institute of Jamaica, in place of Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, who has recently resigned on account of ill-health. Mr. Townsend’s address is now Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies. We wish him much success and prosperity. in his new position, and trust that he will continue to favour us with his valuable communi- cations. . Mailed June 12th. | ' The € anactian Vantomalogist. VOLS LONDON, JULY, 1893. No. 7. COMMENTS ON MR. VAN DER WULP’S RECENT DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PHASIIDA, GYM- NOSOMATID, OCYPTERIDA, AND PHANIID. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. Mr. F. M. van der Wulp, the well-known Dutch dipterologist, has re- cently published, in the Z77dschrift voor Entomo/logie, vol. 35, pp. 183-195, short diagnoses of a large number of new species and several new genera of Mexican Tachinide sens. lat. Of these, there are 33 new species and 4 new genera which belong to the above four groups. Of such well- known and well-worked genera as Z7ichopoda, there are 4 new species ; of Hyalomyia, 10 new species ; of Crstogaster, 8 new species! This material was received by Mr. van der Wulp from the editors of the Biologia Centrali:Americana, but too late to be included in his parts on the above groups, which had already been published. ‘These -forms are to be fully described at some future time in a supplement to the Biologia. No localities whatever accompany the short diagnoses. I desire to offer the following notes on these species :— PHASIIDA. Trichopoda nitidiventris, g, is described as having the cilia of hind tibize black with yellow tips. This must be a quite divergent form, since it is the first one known with the tibial cilia varicoloured. It is also very distinct from the previously known forms in having the abdomen shining black with a rufous anus. T. alipes, S, seems to be different from the described species, inas- much as the tip of the wing, as well as the hind border, is broadly hyaline. T. squamipes, $, seems quite distinct in its yellowish rufous scutellum and abdomen. TZ: histrio, Wik. (trifasciata, Liv. ),is the only species known to me with a yellowish, or other than a nearly black, scutellum, RS (Sl == 7a ecm Pa. Ga nO, 166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. T. nigripes, 8 9%, must be near 7. pennipes. It is smaller, however, and the face and front are whitish instead of golden-yellow. HoMocENnIA, nov. genus, v. d. W. This genus must be closely allied to either Xysta,or Phasia: It is described as similar to Zrichopoda, but with apical cell open, and cilia of hind tibiz short and less conspicuous. This name is preoccupied (Homogenes) by Thomson in Coleoptera. I propose, therefore, that the genus be known as Trichopododes, from its close relationship with Zyicho- poda, as shown by its somewhat less ciliate hind tibiz. Three species of it are described, from 7 to 11 mm. long. They are: Zrichopododes rufipes, § ; T. latipennis, 6 @ ; and T. nigroscutellata, ¢. Flyalomyia munda, ¢ , scems distinct in the whole body being thickly covered with a yellowish-gray tomentum. H. villosa, &, also seems distinct in its dense yellowish pilosity. H. hebes, 3,18 apparently distinct in the shorter yellow pilosity. H. ochriceps, d, seems very close to . eneiventris, Will. H. argenticeps, &,1s also apparently very near ZH. eneiventris, Will. I do not see why the front in the above five male specimens is described to be as broad as, or broader than, the eyes, unless the anterior triangular por- tion ofthe front ismeant. Butthis interpretation is precluded by the nextfive specimens being indicated as females, all of which are described as having the front trigonal and the eyes but little separated on the vertex. I do not know of any ya/omyias which have the front as broad as the eyes, Hi. nigrens, § , does not apparently differ much from HZ. punctigera. Twns., so far as can be gathered from the short description. H. piceipes, , may be a valid species. H. merens, 2, is quite near A. purpurascens, “Twns. The wings, however, of the latter are not brown, but whitish. H. umbrosa, §, is a similar but larger species. H. umbrifera, @, is allied to H. punctigera, Twns. GYMNOSOMATID. Cistogaster ruficornis, g, seems to be Gymnosoma filiola, Liv., 8. C. melanosoma, 2, 1s probably C. pallasiz, Twns. C. subpetiolata, 9 , seems only a variety of C. pallasizz, Twns. C. propingua, 2, seems very near C, zmmaculata, Mcq., 9. C. griseonigra, ve may be same as C. occidua, Walk., °. C. ferruginosa, f,1s probably C. tmmaculata, Mcq., 3. C. hirticollts, te 3 doubtless C. occidua, Wik., ¢. C. variegata, g, seems to be only a variety of preceding, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 OCYPTERID. Ocyptera signatipennis, 3 .is probably Ceyptera euchenor, Wik. XANTHOMELANA, nov. genus, v. d. W. This genus must be very similar to Ocyftera, differing only by the curved, not angulated, fourth vein, and the shortly petiolate apical cell, with the petiole ending at the wing’s tip. This name is also preoccupied (Xanthomeicn, Mart., Moll., 1860), and may be changed to XANTHOME- LANODES. Six species are described, from 4% to 7% mm. long. They are :-—Xanthomelanodes articulata, ¢ ; X. rubicunda, $(?); X. dorsalis, g 9; X. trigonalis, $ ; X. gracilenta, $ 2 ; and X. anceps, 3. PHANIIDE. CLINOGASTER, nov genus, v. d. W. This genus must bear a striking resemblance to Hemyda, differing almost wholly in the short petiolate, instead of open, apical ceil, and in the fourth vein being bent at an angle. It belongs apparently in the Ocypteride, however, and not in the Phaniide, as indicated by the elongate and incurvate abdomen. Clinogaster notabilis, 2, type of the genus, must be very similar in size and appearance to Hemyda aurata. PENTHOSIA, nov, genus, v. d. W. This genus is erected by Mr. van der Wulp for Scopolia satanica, Bigot (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1888, p. 254). Mr. van der Wulp has been kind enough to send me a specimen of this species, labelled: “ Omilteme, Guerrero, 8,000 ft. July. H. H. Smith.” It is a well-marked genus, bearing much structural resemblance to Ocyffera, but differing at once in its well-formed palpi, and its intensely and evenly black colour. It should, I think, also be included in the Ocypter/de. Both this genus and Clinogaster exhibit a closer relationship with Ocyftera than do any of the other American genera of Ocyfteride, by virtue of their petiolate apical cell. To sum up: The above 4 new genera appear to be quite distinct and valid. The species of TZrichopoda appear to be distinct from those previously described. The Ayalomyias, at least the most of them, are doubtless valid species. This is not to be wondered at, since the genus //yalomyza is rich in forms, It is more remarkable, however, that 4 new species of Lrichopoda should turn up at this late day, and in a single collection. 168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. When we come to the genus Cvstogaster, and find 8 new species, we may well be astonished. This genus has never before been turned up in Mexico, or anywhere in tropical America. Though most numerous in individuals in most parts of the United States, there were heretofore but 3 species to be distinguished, and these might easily all be considered but forms of a single variable species. Bearing this in mind, we are wholly unprepared for such a sudden increase in the number of species, and may well doubt their validity. With the single exception of the first species (C. ruficornis), they are probably all referable to the three already known species. From the description of C. ruficornis, | cannot resist the con- clusion that Mr. van der Wulp has mistaken Gymnosoma filiola, Liv., for a Cistogaster. Of course it is difficult, and to a certain extent uncertain, to judge of these forms from the brief diagnoses alone that have so far appeared. For this reason I feel called upon to delay the publication of Part I. of the Monograph of North American Tachinide, referred to in Psyche, Jan., 1893, until the Biologia supplement appears giving fuller descriptions of these species with drawings. If any of the above comments prove to be erroneous in their conclu- sions, I shall be most happy to amend them. DESCRIPTION. “OF, ‘THE: GRUBBS. OF. -CHRYSOMEEA EXCLAMATIONIS. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. This species is quite common in New Mexico, where it feeds on the native sunflower (Helianthus sp.). On August 7, 1892, at Belen, N. Mex., I found the native Helianthus annuus badly infested with the adults and numerous light green grubs of this species, which were eating the leaves extensively. From these grubs the following description is drawn :— Larva (about full grown)—Length, 5% to 7 mm.; greatest width, 4 to 4% mm.; greatest thickness, 3 to 31% mm.; width of prothoracic segment, 2 to 2% mm.; of head, 1% mm. Colour wholly light green, except head and legs, which are slightly tinged with brownish ;_ eyes, antenne and jaws, brown. Shape subpyriform, curvate, very strongly convex dorsally; slightly concave ventrally in lateral profile, but a little convex in longitudinal profile ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 tapering anteriorly to head, stout posteriorly, coming suddenly to a point at anal extremity. Transversely wrinkled, both above and below. Consisting of thirteen segments, head chitinous, other segments fleshy, the prothoracic segment hardly less so. Nearly naked, clothed only with a few very sparsely distributed hairs, somewhat more numerous on the prothoracic segment and head. Head semt-circu- lar in outline from above, not retracted, narrower than prothoracic seg- ment ; second, third, fourth, and fifth segments each successively wider than its predecessor, and increasing at about the same rate ; segments 6 to 8 about same width, a little wider than 5 ; 9 to 12 narrowing successively, each with greater rapidity than its predecessor; 13 very small. Pro- thoracic segment a little longer than head; segment 3 (in wrinkled condition of alcoholic specimens) about two-thirds length of second, the following segments increasing very slightly to the somewhat greater length of 6 tog; 1o and 11 successively a little shorter ; 12 and 13 very short, of about equal length, 13 bearing a blunt subbifid anal proleg. All the segments with a few short hairs on lateral edges, varying in number usually from 3 to 5, second segment and head with more. Eyes repre- sented by six prominent brown or blackish, often glistening, simple eyes on each side of the head, four of them arranged in a transverse diamond just posterior to antenna and a little removed inwardly from edge of head ; the other two situated on edge of head, more separated, one ventrad of the antenna and the other ventrad of the upper four. Antenne small, situated in an excavation and somewhat sunken, 3-jointed ; first joint stout, cylindrical, hardly as long as broad ; second joint less than one-half the diameter of first, not as long: third joint nearly as wide as second, hardly as long. Labrum twice as wide as long, front border hollowed out. bearing two bristles on its dorsal surface, clypeus appear- ing as a long transverse narrow strip posterior to labrum. Mandibles stout, 5-toothed on the blunt apical portion. Maxille well-developed. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, first joint short ; second a little shorter than first, but nearly same diameter; third longer than first, narrower than second, cylindrical ; fourth conica!, almost as long as third, not as wide at base as third, and tapering evenly to a point. Labial palpi 2-jointed ; basal joint stout, tubercular, hardly as long as wide, subcylindrical ; the second joint conical, bardly as wide at base, and hardly longer than basat joint. A spiracle (the mesothoracic) on lower anterior portion of third segment ; 5 to 12 with a spiracle on lateral portion dorsad of the lateral 170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ridge which separates the tergum from the venter on these segments ; the thoracic segments extend farther ventrad on the sides. Legs apparently 4-jointed, corneous, first two joints more or less amalgamated, fourth shorter than third, terminated by a hooked claw. Described from many alcoholic specimens. Belen, N. Mex. August 7. A LIST OF SPECIES OF DIPTERA FROM SAN DOMINGO. BY S. W. WILLISTON, LAWRENCE, KANSAS. Some years ago I received a small collection of diptera from San Domingo, made by Mr. F. Frazar, a list of the species of which it is composed I herewith give. Hitherto scarcely two score species have been recorded from the island. The habitats followed by an exclama- tion point are given from specimens which I have examined :— 1. Odontomyia, sp. 2. Cyphomyia, sp. 3. Lepidoselaga crassipes, Fabr. South America! Mexico! Cuba. 4. Chrysops costatus, Fabr. South America! Cuba. 5. Chrysops Frazari, Will. 6. Tabanus parvulus, Will. 7. Tabanus fenestra, Will. 8. FPlesiomma lineata, Fabr. St. Thomas. 9. Laphria ruficauda, Williston. Cuba! 10. Andrenosoma chalybea, Will. Cuba! 1t. Atonia Mikii, Will. 12. Proctacanthus rufiventris, Maco. Honduras. Porto Rico. hg, CBF EX Spe 14. Ommatius vitreus, Bigot. 15. Psilopus chrysoprasius, Walker. Cuba! Brazil! Porto Rico. 16. Plagioneurus univitatius, Loew. South America! Cuba. 17. Microdon pulcher, Will. : 18. Mesogramma aurulentum, Will. 19. Syrphus simplex, Loew. Cuba. 20. Ocyptamus dimidiata, Fabr. Brazil! Mexico! 21. Ocyptamus latiusculus, Loew. Cuba. 22. Ocyptamus fasciatus, Roeder. Porto Rico. 23. Eristalis atrimanus, Loew. Cuba. 24. Lristalis albifrons, Wied. Brazil! Mexico! United States! Port Rico, 25. Lristalis hortorum, Fabr, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 171 26. Volucella obesa, Fabr. Cosmopolitan. 27. Pteroptila cincta, Drury. Jamaica. 28. Phrissopoda praeceps, Fabr. South America. 29. Lucilia, sp. 30. Compsomyia macellaria, Fabr. Brazil! Mexico! United States! 31. /9ex7a; Sp: 32. Morinia, sp. nov. 33. Limophora, sp. 34. Belvosia Van der Wulpi, Will. 35. Blepharipeza leucophrys, Wied. Brazil! United States! Porto Rico. 36. Jurinia. ‘Two species. 37. J/urinia apicifera, Walker. United States ! 38. Zrichopoda pennipes, Fabr. Brazil! United States ! 39. Lrichopoda, sp. 40. Sipedon macropus, Walker. Cuba. Jamaica. Porto Rico. 41. Calobata lasciva, Fabr. South America! Cuba! United States! Porto Rico. 42. LVotiphila, vn. sp. Fem. Flavo cinerea, facie flava, antennarum articuli tertii basi rufa, thoracis dorso vittis guingue humerisque brunnets; abdomen brun- neum vitta media maculisgue cinereis; pedes nigri, tibiis tarsisgue posterioribus et tibiarum anticarum basi apiceque lutets. FITCH EYPES. OF. N.. A. MEMBRACIDA. F. W. GODING, M, D., PH. D., RUTLAND, ILLINOIS. During a recent visit to the city of Washington, through the kindness of Prof. C. V, Riley and his courteous assistants, I had the pleasure of examining typical examples of some of the Membracide described by Dr. Asa Fitch, the labels being in Dr. Fitch’s own handwriting. Each speci- men is numbered to agree with those given in the doctor’s manuscript note-books, now in the possession of Dr. Riley and the Boston Society of Natural History. No. 11793 and 59782 are labelled Ze/amona acclivata, Fh. ; on the label he states : “like cristata, Fm., but hind lobe rounded, not angular.” This is Hediria cristata, Fm., 9. No. 3109 is the typical ex- ample of Ze/amona querci, Fh. It is usually seen in coliections labelled monticola, Fab., on whose authority I do not know. It is much smaller than that species and entirely different. I believe it to be a good species. It is a male. No. 2132, labelled Atyta irrorata, Mels., is Zelamona Ie) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. trrorata, Godg., described first in Bul. Ill. Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 3. It is the only description ever published. No. 2133, labelled Ze/amona concava, Fh., 9 , and apparently identical with No. 12727, a male. There is a beautifully coloured @ of this species in the collection of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, light and dark blue-green. No. 3907 is 7elamona tristis, Fh., 9, and another smaller example doubtless the same. With these is a cory, Fh., 2, which I believe to be ‘ the same species as suggested by Van Duzee. No. 2152, labelled Ledra perdita and capra, Mels., is Centruchus Lie- beckiz, Godg. No. 6276, is MWecrocentrus carya, Fh., g, and No. 1878 is @. This species was erroneously referred, by Fitch, to the genus Uvroxiphus. The female is about one-fourth larger then the male. No. 6926 is labelled Cyrtos‘a fenestrata, Fh., 2. It is the only example I have seen that agrees with Fitch’s description “tip of the thorax reaching beyond the terminal cells of the elytra.” In all the examples in my own collection the tip of prothorax barely reaches the termina! cells, while Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, a careful student and successful collector, informs me that all the specimens he has seen agree with my own. No. 11764 is labelled Cyrtosia fuliginosa, ? , described and figured in Emmon’s valueless work on the Insects of New York. The dorsum is dark-brown with an arcuated yellow stripe on each side ; legs yellow. No. 3038 is labelled Cyrtosza discoidalis, 9; also No. 4837. Described in Emmon’s werk, No. 11763 is Cyrtosia pallidifrontis of the same author and doubtless the same. No. 11777=Cyrtosia